寄主转换对棉蚜存活率与营养代谢的影响  

Effect of host transformation on the survival rate and nutritional metabolism of cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii

作　　者：朱凯辉 尹仙枫 王芳[3] 王福莲[2] 张蓉[3] 涂雄兵[1] Zhu Kaihui;Yin Xianfeng;Wang Fang;Wang Fulian;Zhang Rong;Tu Xiongbing(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 430000,Hubei Province,China;Insititute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750000,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州430000 [3]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,银川750000

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2024年第2期475-483,共9页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2021BEF02006)。

摘　　要：为明确棉蚜Aphis gossypii转换寄主后其体内营养代谢水平的变化,采用活体植物饲养方法分别将棉花型、枸杞型和黄瓜型寄主专化型棉蚜进行寄主转换,并测定寄主转换后棉蚜的存活率与营养代谢酶活性的变化。结果表明,棉花型和黄瓜型寄主专化型棉蚜转移到枸杞植株上后存活率均显著下降,转换后96 h分别为61.5%和62.1%,而未进行寄主转换棉花型棉蚜和黄瓜型棉蚜的存活率分别为90.3%和86.4%。且棉花型和黄瓜型棉蚜转移到枸杞植株上96 h时,棉花型棉蚜体内淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、蔗糖酶和脂肪酶的活性分别显著下降至对照组的58.3%、73.5%、90.4%和83.7%,而海藻糖酶活性显著上升至对照组的2.2倍;黄瓜型棉蚜体内淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶和蔗糖酶的活性分别显著下降至对照组的65.1%、66.9%和85.3%,而海藻糖酶活性显著上升至对照组的1.3倍。当枸杞型棉蚜转移到棉花或黄瓜植株上时,存活率和体内营养代谢酶活性与未进行寄主转换的枸杞型棉蚜均无显著差异。表明不同寄主专化型棉蚜在转换到不同的寄主植物上后,其体内营养代谢相关酶活性会出现显著变化,尤其是棉花型和黄瓜型棉蚜转移到枸杞植株上时会出现代谢酶活性紊乱与存活率下降的现象。To investigate the effect of host transformation on the survival rate and nutritional metabolism levels of cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii,the living plant feeding method was used to transfer cottontype,wolfberry-type,and cucumber-type host-specialized cotton aphids to different hosts,and the survival rates and changes in nutritional metabolism enzyme activity of cotton aphids after host conversion were determined.Compared to cotton aphids without host switching,the survival rates of cotton-type and cucumber-type cotton aphids significantly decreased after being transferred to wolfberry(with survival rates of cotton-type and cucumber-type cotton aphids on wolfberry recorded at 61.5%and 62.1%,respectively).These survival rates were lower than those observed for cotton-type and cucumber-type cotton aphids that remained on their original hosts,which were 90.3%and 86.4%,respectively.Upon transfer to wolfberry at 96 h,the activities of amylase,trypsin,sucrase,and lipase in the bodies of cotton-type cotton aphids decreased to 58.3%,73.5%,90.4%and 83.7%of the control group for cotton aphids,65.1%,66.9%,and 85.3%of the control group for cucumber aphids,respectively.Conversely,the activity of trehalase increased to 2.2 times and 1.3 times of the control group for cotton and cucumber aphids,respectively.Notably,there were no significant differences in the survival rate and activity of nutritional metabolism enzymes of wolfberry-type cotton aphids when transferred to cotton or cucumber,compared to wolfberry-type cotton aphids that have not been transferred.In conclusion,transitioning to different host plants induces significant changes in enzymatic activity related to nutritional metabolism in different host-specialized cotton aphids.Particularly,a disruption in metabolic enzyme activity and a decrease in survival rate were observed when cotton-type and cucumber-type cotton aphids were transferred to wolfberry.

关 键 词：棉蚜 寄主 营养代谢 存活率 专化型 棉花 枸杞 黄瓜 

分 类 号：S435.622.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]