长江流域地表水中镉生态风险的区域差异分析  

Analysis of Regional Differences in Cadmium Ecological Risk in Surface Waters of theYangtze River Basin

作　　者：丁仁 廖梓童 陆韻 巫寅虎 陈卓 高桦楠 徐红卫 陆松柳 惠二清 魏东斌[4] 胡洪营 DING Ren;LIAO Zi-tong;LU Yun;WU Yin-hu;CHEN Zhuo;GAO Hua-nan;XU Hong-wei;LU Song-liu;HUI Er-qing;WEI Dong-bin;HU Hong-ying(State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control(SMARC),Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;SGIDI Engineering Consulting(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200093,China;Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430014,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou),Tsinghua,Suzhou 215163,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,国家环境保护环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室,环境前沿技术北京实验室,北京100084 [2]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200093 [3]长江生态环保集团有限公司,武汉430014 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [5]清华苏州环境创新研究院,苏州215163

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第6期3186-3195,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(52293440)。

摘　　要：围绕长江流域地表水中镉(Cd)的水质基准和生态风险的区域差异展开分析.首先,根据我国《淡水水生生物水质基准——镉》推荐的方法,结合长江流域地表水的硬度分布对Cd长期水质基准值进行了校正;在此基础上,考虑长江流域的物种区系特征,进一步修正得到了Cd长期水质风险阈值,并依此阐释了长江流域的Cd长期水质风险阈值分布和风险商分布的区域差异性.结果发现,经硬度校正和物种修正后,长江流域不同城市间Cd长期水质风险阈值的最大值为0.75μg·L^(-1),最小值为0.08μg·L^(-1),二者相差近10倍;不同城市间Cd风险商的最高值为1.12,最低值为0.035,二者相差达32倍.长江流域上中游交界区和洞庭湖水系等重点区域的Cd生态风险高,尚需深入研究.This study primarily focused on the regional disparities in both water quality criteria and ecological risks attributed to cadmium presence within the surface waters of the Yangtze River Basin.In the initial phase,the long-term water quality criteria for cadmium were recalibrated in accordance with the guidelines outlined in China's“Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Aquatic Organisms-Cadmium,”accounting for the prevalent hardness distribution within the Yangtze River Basin's surface water.Subsequently,a more refined revision was undertaken considering the specific characteristics of the species residing within the Yangtze River Basin.This undertaking led to a comprehensive interpretation of the regional variations in both the distribution of long-term water quality criteria values and the risk quotient distribution of cadmium throughout the Yangtze River Basin.The incorporation of hardness and species-specific attributes resulted in a revised range of long-term water quality criteria for cadmium across different urban locales within the Yangtze River Basin.Notably,the recalibrated values ranged from 0.08µg·L^(-1) as the lowest threshold to 0.75µg·L^(-1) as the upper limit,signifying a tenfold differentiation.Correspondingly,the urban average annual risk quotient associated with cadmium exposure demonstrated a variation from 0.035 to 1.12,marking a significant 32-fold discrepancy between the lowest and highest values.It is essential to highlight that regions of paramount importance,such as the confluence area connecting the upper and middle stretches of the Yangtze River Basin and the intricate Dongting Lake system,exhibited noteworthy ecological risks attributed to cadmium presence.Consequently,further in-depth investigations into these critical regions are imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the associated risks.

关 键 词：长江流域 水质基准 镉(CD) 生态风险 区域差异 物种分布 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]