基于流域单元的环巢湖综合景观对河流水质的影响  

Effect of Integrated Landscape Characteristics Around Chaohu Lake on River WaterQuality Based on Watershed Units

作　　者：王杰[1,2,3] 刘安安 张俊武 陈青松 杨慧文 WANG Jie;LIU An-an;ZHANG Jun-wu;CHEN Qing-song;YANG Hui-wen(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Engineering Center for Geographic Information of Anhui Province,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601 [2]安徽大学湿地生态保护与修复安徽省重点实验室,合肥230601 [3]安徽省地理信息工程中心,合肥230601

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第6期3214-3224,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32171573);安徽高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2021A0178)。

摘　　要：考虑流域特征差异对河流水质的影响,以巢湖流域为研究对象,根据2019年10月至2020年9月河流监测点水质、气象、地形、土壤与遥感影像等数据,通过数字地形分析划分各监测点的流域单元,综合利用相关性分析、冗余分析以及多元回归分析探究了流域单元的综合景观特征(包括土地利用、气候、地形、土壤等)对环巢湖河流水质的影响.结果表明:①环巢湖河流水质空间差异大,主要污染物为总氮与氨氮,大多数河流总氮浓度超过Ⅴ类水质标准,污染严重的区域集中在合肥市区及周边河流以及丰乐河和杭埠河中下游.②流域单元综合景观特征对河流水质有着显著性影响.其中,建筑用地比例、斑块密度、散布与并列指数、香农多样性指数与水质指标呈正相关,而林草地比例、蔓延度指数与水质指标呈负相关.③在不同季节,流域单元的综合景观特征在湿季对河流水质的影响效应要强于干季,这主要是由干湿季降水的差异引起的.Considering the impact of differences in watershed characteristics on river water quality,with the Chaohu Lake Basin as the research object,based on the data of water quality,meteorology,topography,soil,and remote sensing images of the river monitoring points from October 2019 to September 2020,the watershed unit at each monitoring point was divided through digital terrain analysis,and the comprehensive landscape characteristics based on the watershed unit were explored through the comprehensive use of correlation analysis,redundancy analysis,and multiple regression analysis to investigate the influence of comprehensive landscape characteristics based on watershed units(including land use,climate,topography,soil,etc.)on the water quality of rivers around Chaohu Lake.The results showed that:①the water quality of rivers around Chaohu Lake had large spatial differences,with the main pollutants being total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen.Most of the rivers had total nitrogen concentrations exceeding the Class V water quality standards,and the areas with serious nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were concentrated in the urban area of Hefei and the surrounding rivers,as well as in the middle and lower reaches of the Fengle and Hangbu Rivers.②The comprehensive landscape characteristics of the watershed unit had a significant impact on the river water quality.Among them,the proportion of built-up land,the density of patches,the dispersion and juxtaposition index,and the Shannon diversity index were positively correlated with the water quality indicators,whereas the proportion of forest and grassland and the spreading index were negatively correlated with the water quality indicators.③In different seasons,the effect of the integrated landscape characteristics of the watershed unit on river water quality was stronger in the wet season than in the dry season,which was mainly caused by the difference in precipitation in the dry and wet seasons.

关 键 词：流域单元 综合景观特征 冗余分析(RDA) 氮磷污染 巢湖流域 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]