储罐火灾沸溢现象及其控制技术研究进展综述  

Review of research progress on storage tank fire boilover phenomenon and its control technology

作　　者：栾国华 李樾杨 李鑫 李云涛 储胜利 LUAN Guohua;LI Yueyang;LI Xin;LI Yuntao;CHU Shengli(CNPC Research Institute of Safety&Environment Technology,Beijing 102206,China;College of Safety and Ocean Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Safety and Emergency Technology,Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司,北京102206 [2]中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京102249 [3]油气生产安全与应急技术应急管理部重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2024年第6期50-57,共8页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2022DJ6808)。

摘　　要：为更加深入了解储罐火灾沸溢机理及其相应控制技术,通过系统的文献调查,从沸溢现象的研究进展和沸溢现象的控制技术2方面进行分析,从热区机理研究历程、沸溢影响因素等方面对沸溢现象进行归纳,并且从消防控制技术、油面覆盖控制技术等角度出发对沸溢抑制措施进行阐述。研究结果表明:沸溢现象涉及多因素之间的相互关联,热区形成机理是沸溢机理研究的关键点之一,可视化研究能较为直观呈现油品的对流换热行为,进而丰富热区理论;沸溢现象的影响因素较多,沸溢时间预测模型主要是基于初始油层厚度和储罐直径进行拟合、基于经典热波理论和油品本身性质加以修正,其公式适用性较低,对沸溢现象的认识有待加深;沸溢控制技术需进一步完善,目前主要通过阻止全液面火灾发生来间接抑制沸溢,采用油面覆盖等方法直接抑制沸溢的措施仍不够成熟;持续改进沸溢相关的研究模型、补充大尺度实验研究、研发新型覆盖材料、完善消防技战术等是沸溢现象及其控制技术的主要研究方向和发展趋势。研究结果可为深入认识沸溢现象、发展其控制技术、提高相关人员储罐灭火救援能力提供一定参考。In order to deeply understand the mechanism of boilover in storage tank fires and develop its corresponding control technologies,through a systematic literature survey,two aspects of boilover phenomenon research progress and boilover control technology were analyzed.The research history of hot zone mechanism and the influencing factors of boilover were summarized,and the suppression measures were elaborated from the fire control technology and oil surface coverage control technology.The results show that the boilover phenomenon involves multiple interrelated factors,and the mechanism of hot zone formation is a key point in the study of boilover mechanism.The visualization research can present the convective heat transfer behavior of oil intuitively,thus enrich the theory of hot zone.There are many factors affecting boiover,and the prediction models of boilover time are mainly based on the fitting of initial oil layer thickness and diameter of storage tank,and the correction based on the classical heat wave theory and the nature of oil itself,while the applicability of the formula is low,and the understanding of boilover is to be deepened.In addition,the boilover control technology needs to be perfected.At present,the boilover is mainly suppressed indirectly by preventing the occurrence of fire on the whole liquid surface,and the method of suppressing boilover directly by covering the oil surface is still immature.The research direction of boilover phenomenon and the development trend of control technology are as follows:continuous improvement of the research models related to boilover,supplement of large-scale experimental research,development of new covering materials,and improvement of firefighting techniques and tactics.The research results can provide some reference for the deep understanding of boilover phenomenon,the development of its control technology,and the improvement of fire fighting and rescue capability of storage tanks of relevant personnel.

关 键 词：储罐火灾 沸溢 热区 控制技术 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]