流域生态补偿试点的经济效益  

Economic Benefits of the Pilot Watershed Ecological Compensation Project

作　　者：夏勇 钟茂初[2] 寇冬雪 Xia Yong;Zhong Maochu;Kou Dongxue

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学国际经贸学院 [2]南开大学经济学院 [3]中国信息通信研究院政策与经济研究所

出　　处：《世界经济》2024年第5期64-95,共32页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72304135);国家社科基金一般项目(22BJY047);南京财经大学重点教改项目(JGZ202201)的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于中国流域生态补偿试点分期分批次渐进推行的典型事实,手动匹配2007-2018年全国148个交界断面水质监测点数据与县域经济数据,采用多期双重差分方法剖析了试点对受偿地区所获经济效益的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,试点通过增加就业数量和改善就业结构助力居民增收并促进共同富裕,但试点效果因政策选择偏向而呈现出单向生态补偿“益乡不益城”、双向生态补偿“益乡更益城”、纵向生态补偿“益城不益乡”的特征。在政策变迁的过程中,纵向转单向生态补偿的政策效果由初始的“益城不益乡”恶化为“既不益乡也不益城”,但纵向转双向生态补偿和单向转双向生态补偿两项政策变迁均由既有效果转变为“益乡更益城”效果。Based on the fact that China's Pilot Watershed Ecological Compensation(PWEC)project has been gradually implemented in stages and batches,this paper manually matches data from 148 water quality monitoring points from border sections with county-level economic data between 2007 and 2018.It then discusses the impact and mechanism of the PWEC project on economic benefits obtained in compensated areas through the use of a multi-phase difference-in-differences(DID)method.The results of the research reveal that the PWEC project helps residents of compensated areas increase their incomes and promote local common prosperity by increasing the number of jobs and improving the diversification of the employment structure.However,the effects of the PWEC project exhibit different characteristics due to policy selection bias.They manifest through a unidirectional eco-compensation(UEC)that"benefits the rural residents but not the urban residents",a bidirectional eco-compensation(BEC)that""benefits the urban residents more than the rural residents",and a vertical eco-compensation(VEC)that"benefits the urban residents but not the rural residents".In the policy change process,the transformative effect of VEC into UEC has been deteriorating from its initial effect of""benefiting the urban residents but not the rural residents"to an effect of"benefiting neither the rural residents nor the urban residents".However,the policy change mode of transformation from VEC into BEC and from UEC into BEC has been shifting from their existing effects to"benefiting the urban residents more than the rural residents".

关 键 词：双向生态补偿 共同富裕 政策变迁 多期双重差分 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]