农田土壤压实表征指标及其检测方法研究进展  

Research advances on indicators and detecting methods of arable land compaction

作　　者：冉恩华 彭伟 郑月姮 朱向明[1] RAN En-hua;PENG Wei;ZHENG Yue-heng;ZHU Xiang-ming(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Heilongjiang University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]黑龙江大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第5期1008-1019,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010401);中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划项目(131323KYSB20210004)。

摘　　要：土壤压实已成为威胁全球农业可持续发展的重要因素之一。国内外开展了大量关于农田土壤压实的研究,但压实表征指标和检测方法缺少系统分类。本文从土壤压实与作物生长的关系出发,总结了国内外已有的土壤压实表征指标及检测方法。主要结果如下:1)单一指标往往难以量化不同尺度的土壤压实程度,对于田块尺度,宜选择土壤穿透阻力和相对紧实度,同时配合土壤含水量来表征其压实状况;对于区域农田尺度,宜采用先期固结压力来评估潜在压实风险;2)应依据在室内或田间具体情况选择相应的检测方法,室内选择土壤结构检测法或先期固结压力检测法反映土壤压实敏感性,田间选择穿透阻力检测法或地球物理检测法表征土壤压实程度。今后研究建议:1)更加深入研究土壤压实对作物根系形态、地上部光合产物的分配以及其他土壤质量指标的影响,并加强作物对于土壤压实的反馈机制研究;2)结合研究尺度,将土壤物理学指标与土壤力学指标结合起来,构建一套系统评价土壤压实程度的指标体系;3)从方法上削弱土壤空间异质性带来的影响应是今后土壤压实田间检测方法的重要研究方向。Soil compaction has become one of the most serious obstacles restraining the sustainable use of arable lands.Many studies were carried out on soil compaction at home and abroad,but the results were not comparable due to the limited research conditions.This paper reviewed the soil compaction indicators and the detecting methods reported at home and abroad.The main results are as follows:1)A single compaction indicator is often hard to quantify soil compaction degree completely.At field scale,combining soil penetration resistance with water content could characterize the actual degree of soil compactness.At scale as large as a region,the precompression stress method should be considered to approach soil compaction limits and the potential risks of soil compaction.2)All the reported detecting methods showed advantages and disadvantages,affected by indoor or field detecting condition.Soil structure method and precompression stress method are often recommended for indoor detection as they could reflect soil compaction sensitively.The penetration resistance method and geophysical method are usually used to determine soil compaction degree in field condition.More researches should be strengthened in the future:1)The effects of soil compaction on crop root morphology,distribution of aboveground photosynthesis products,and the feedback mechanism of crops on soil compaction;2)Systematic evaluation of soil compaction by combining the soil physical indicators with soil mechanical indexes in conjunction with research scales;3)Elimination of the influence of the spatial heterogeneity on field compaction detection.

关 键 词：农田土壤压实 土壤压实指标 土壤结构检测法 先期固结压力检测法 穿透阻力检测法 参考容重 土壤压实风险 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]