磷高效水稻材料的根系形态结构特征  

The root morphological and structural characteristics of phosphorus-efficient rice materials

作　　者：白虓宇 李秀芳 李传飞 尹俊杰 唐毓 李廷轩 叶代桦 BAI Xiao-yu;LI Xiu-fang;LI Chuan-fei;YIN Jun-jie;TANG yu;LI Ting-xuan;YE Dai-hua(College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Sichuan Metallurgical Geological Exploration Institute,chengdu,Sichuan 610061,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,四川成都611130 [2]西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室,四川成都611130 [3]四川省冶金地质勘查院,四川成都610061

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第5期1032-1042,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室“生物育种”揭榜挂帅开放课题项目(重点)(SKL-KF202213);四川省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(2022NSFSC1664)。

摘　　要：【目的】选育磷高效水稻材料是利用土壤磷资源的有效方式,根系是水稻吸收磷素最重要的器官,其形态结构特征直接影响水稻的磷素吸收能力,研究水稻根系发育特征有助于揭示其磷高效吸收的机理。【方法】采用水培试验,以40份水稻材料为研究对象,设置0.003 mmol/L(低磷)和0.3 mmol/L(正常磷)两个供磷处理,于分蘖期调查水稻地上部生物量和磷积累量,采用聚类分析筛选磷高效水稻材料。针对筛选获得的磷高效水稻材料R527和磷低效水稻材料IR58025,分析其根系形态和解剖结构特征,解析水稻根系发育特征与磷吸收的关系。【结果】1)低磷条件下,40份水稻材料磷吸收能力存在显著差异,生物量和磷积累量的范围分别为0.11~0.93 g/plant和0.07~0.58 mg/plant。以磷积累量为主、生物量为辅进行聚类分析,获得磷高效水稻材料R527和磷低效水稻材料IR58025。2)低磷条件下,磷高效水稻材料R527的生物量(0.83 g/plant)和磷积累量(0.46mg/plant)显著高于磷低效水稻材料IR58025,分别为IR58025的6.38和5.75倍。3)低磷条件下,磷高效水稻材料R527的总根长、根表面积、不定根长、侧根长和侧根表面积比正常磷处理分别增加了61.79%、38.12%、60.44%、67.99%和186.67%。低磷条件下,磷高效水稻材料R527的总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根直径、不定根长、侧根长、不定根表面积和侧根表面积分别为磷低效水稻材料IR58025的2.62、2.87、3.22、1.18、4.41、2.97、3.97和1.45倍。4)低磷条件下,磷高效水稻材料R527中柱、外皮层和皮层占比分别为磷低效水稻材料IR58025的1.11、0.67和1.05倍。5)低磷条件下,水稻的总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根直径、不定根长、侧根长、不定根表面积、侧根表面积、皮层占比和中柱占比与生物量和磷积累量显著正相关,外皮层和内皮层占比与生物量和磷积累量显著负相关。【结论】磷高�【Objectives】Breeding rice materials with high phosphorus(P)uptake efficiency is an effective way to use the soil P resources.Rice root is the most important organ for P absorption and studying the root morphological and structural characteristics can reveal the mechanisms of P-efficient uptake.【Methods】A hydroponic experiment was conducted with 40 rice materials under low P(0.003 mmol/L)and normal P(0.3 mmol/L)treatment,and the rice plants were sampled at the tillering stage for determination of shoot biomass and P concentration.Through cluster analysis of shoot P accumulation and biomass,R527 and IR58025 were identified as high-P efficiency and low-P efficiency materials,respectively.The root morphology,and root anatomical structure of the two rice materials were further determined to elucidate the relationship between rice root development characteristics and P uptake.【Results】1)Under low P conditions,the 40 rice materials showed significantly different biomass and P accumulation,ranging from 0.11 to 0.93 g/plant in biomass and 0.07 to 0.58 mg/plant in P accumulation,with coefficients of variation of 49.41%and 49.55%,respectively.2)Under low P conditions,the biomass(0.83 g/plant)and P accumulation(0.46 mg/plant)of R527 were 6.38 and 5.75 times higher than those of IR58025.3)The total root length,root surface area,adventitious root length,lateral root length,and lateral root surface area of R527 under low P conditions was 61.79%,38.12%,60.44%,67.99%and 186.67%higher than under normal P conditions.And the total root length,root surface area,root volume,average root diameter,adventitious root length,lateral root length,adventitious root surface area and lateral root surface area of R527 under low P stress were 2.62,2.87,3.22,1.18,4.41,2.97,3.97 and 1.45 times of those in IR58025.4)Under low P conditions,the proportions of stele,epidermis,cortex in R527 were 1.11,0.67 and 1.05 times of those in IR58025.5)Under low P conditions,total root length,root surface area,root volume,average root diameter,adventi

关 键 词：水稻 筛选 磷高效 根系形态 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]