适宜氮磷钾用量和配比协同促进盆栽牡丹营养和生殖生长  

Appropriate application rate and ratio of N,P,and K fertilizers for synergistic enhancement of vegetative and reproductive growth of potted peonies

作　　者：何晗颖 赵俊福 吴欣宇 马海林[2] 刘方春[2] 杨婧 司东霞[1] HE Han-ying;ZHAO Jun-fu;WU Xin-yu;MA Hai-lin;LIU Fang-chun;YANG Jing;SI Dong-xia(College of Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng,Shandong 252059,China;Institute of Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Forestry,Jinan,Shandong 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学农学与农业工程学院,山东聊城252059 [2]山东省林业科学研究院资源与环境研究所,山东济南250014

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第5期1043-1052,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2020LZGC011);聊城大学风景园林学科建设基金项目(319462212);聊城大学横向项目(K19LD15)。

摘　　要：【目的】牡丹是我国著名的木本观赏植物,施肥不平衡严重影响盆栽牡丹的生长和观赏效果。研究开花前后氮、磷、钾不同施用量和配施比例对盆栽牡丹生长的影响,确定适宜的氮、磷、钾施用量及配比,为盆栽牡丹精准施肥提供理论依据。【方法】本研究以5年生牡丹‘紫二乔’为供试材料,采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计进行盆栽试验,结合隶属函数法评价牡丹的生长状况,利用肥料效应模型拟合牡丹植株的综合隶属函数值与施肥量之间的数学关系,得出牡丹最佳生长的氮、磷、钾肥推荐施肥量。【结果】牡丹开花前后施用氮磷钾肥显著影响植株株高、茎粗、冠幅、花径和单株花数(P<0.05),适宜氮磷钾用量和配比促进盆栽牡丹营养和生殖生长的协同提高。氮、磷、钾三因素配合处理的牡丹综合隶属函数值均大于缺素处理,缺素处理又大于无肥处理,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理的综合隶属函数值(0.73)是N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)的3.17倍。氮磷钾对牡丹综合生长的影响表现为氮>磷>钾。氮、磷、钾肥对牡丹营养和生殖生长存在明显交互作用,任一肥料水平的过量或不足均会抑制牡丹植株生长,降低观赏效果。采用一元二次、二元二次、三元二次肥料效应函数方程拟合牡丹的综合隶属函数值和施肥量,二者相关性均达显著水平,综合各肥料效应函数方程的推荐用量及相应的综合隶属函数值,得出牡丹开花前后氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)的最优推荐施肥量分别为4.21、2.07、2.52 g/株,适宜的氮、磷、钾施肥比例为1∶0.49∶0.60。【结论】开花前后施用适量的氮、磷、钾肥可提高牡丹的农艺性状,促进牡丹的营养和生殖生长协同提高。氮、磷、钾的最优推荐施肥量为4.21、2.07、2.52 g/株,适宜的氮、磷、钾施肥比例为1∶0.49∶0.60。【Objective】Peony(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)is a renowned woody ornamental plant in China,we investigated the effects of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)application rates and ratios before and after flowering on the growth and ornamental quality of potted peony.【Methods】A pot experiment with“3414”incomplete orthogonal regression design was conducted,and five-year-old Paeonia suffruticosa‘Zi Erqiao’was used as the test materials.The comprehensive growth and development status of peony were assessed using the integrated membership function values(CMFV).Fertilizer effect models were employed to simulate the mathematical relationship between the CMFVs of peony plants and the fertilizer application rates,and to make recommendation of N,P,and K fertilizer rates for the optimal growth of peony.【Results】Application of N,P,and K fertilizer before and after flowering significantly increased peony plant height,stem diameter,crown width,flower diameter,and flower number per plant(P<0.05),and the N,P,and K fertilizer showed significant interaction on the synergistic vegetative and reproductive growth of potted peony.The peony CMFVs under N-P-K three-factor treatments were higher than those under two factor treatments,and the CMFVs under two factor treatments were higher than those under no-fertilizer treatment.The highest CMFV under N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)(0.73)was 3.17 times of that under N_(0)P_(0)K_(0).The fertilizer effect on the CMFVs was ranked as N>P>K.Excessive or insufficient application of any fertilizer inhibited peony growth and reduced ornamental effects.The CMFV and fertilizer application rates were well fitted using all the unitary,binary,and ternary quadratic fertilizer effect function equations(P<0.05),and the recommended fertilizer application rates before and after flowering of peony were 4.21 g/plant for N,2.07 g/plant for P2O5,and 2.52 g/plant for K_(2)O,respectively,with an optimal fertilization ratio of N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O at 1∶0.49∶0.60.【Conclusions】Applying appropriat

关 键 词：盆栽牡丹 氮磷钾肥料 营养生长 生殖生长 最优施肥量 养分比例 

分 类 号：S685.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]