郭守敬在日影测量工具上的突破(Ⅰ):八尺圭表-景符日影测量系统  

Guo Shoujing's Breakthrough in Sun Shadow Measurement Tool(Ⅰ):8-chi Gnomon-Shadow Definer Sun Shadow Measurement System

作　　者：原杰 YUAN Jie(Xingtai University,Xingtai,Hebei 054001,China)

机构地区：[1]邢台学院,河北邢台054001

出　　处：《邢台学院学报》2024年第2期25-31,共7页Journal of Xingtai University

摘　　要：郭守敬在日影测量上的突破之一,是对传统的立杆测影进行改进。本文结合系统论基本原理,认为郭守敬在日影测量的第一项突破,可以称作“八尺圭表-景符日影测量系统”。进一步,应用高等数学,研究了“八尺圭表-景符日影测量系统”本身的特征,给出了本影长度、窍高、影宽、相对精度、横梁影子对称性、光斑宽、光斑对称性、影宽/光斑宽、光斑右/光斑左等八个变量随太阳高度角的变化规律。应用该结果,说明了郭守敬改进的“八尺圭表-景符日影测量系统”,是一个革命性的突破;该系统为后期的“四海测验”提供了坚实的仪器基础;该系统是一次成功的小型实验,为后期建设更大的日影测量系统——四丈高表-景符系统,提供了一个完整的参考数学模型。One of Guo Shoujing's breakthroughs in sun shadow measurements is to improve the traditional 8-chi Gnomon shadow measurement.Based on the basic principles of system theory,this paper believes that Guo Shoujing's first breakthrough in the sun shadow measurement can be called the"8-chi gnomon-shadow definer sun shadow measurement system".Further,advanced mathematics is applied to study the characteristics of the"8-chi gnomon-shadow definer sun shadow measurement system"itself,and the variation rules of eight variables with Solar zenith angle,including the length of the umbra,the height of the aperture of shadow definer,the width of the shadow,the relative precision,the symmetry of the beam shadow,the width of the light spot,the symmetry of the light spot,the width of the shadow/the width of the light spot,and the ratio of the length of right/left of the light spot.The application of the results shows that:1."8-chi gnomonshadow definer sun shadow measurement system"improved by Guo Shoujing is a revolutionary breakthrough;2.this system provides a solid instrument foundation for the later"four seas measurement";3.this system is a successful small-scale experiment that provides a complete reference mathematical model for the later construction of a larger sun shadow measurement system-4-zhang-high gnomon.

关 键 词：郭守敬 八尺圭表-景符日影测量系统 四海测验 笛卡尔坐标系 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]