中国南方铀矿环境修复问题研究进展  

Research on Environmental Remediation of Uranium Mines in SouthernChina: A Review

作　　者：欧阳霞[1] 施苏锋 OUYANG Xia;SHI Sufeng(East China University of Technology Jiangxi Province Ecological Civilization System Research Center,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;East China University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学江西省生态文明制度研究中心,江西南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《矿产综合利用》2024年第3期102-111,共10页Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：江西省生态文明制度研究中心开放基金资助项目(19KS03);江西省教育厅科学技术研究资助项目(GJJ190417);东华理工大学研究生教改资助项目(yjsjg2202007);东华理工大学研究生创新基金支持资助项目(DHYC-202025)。

摘　　要：这是一篇矿山环境领域的文章。我国已发现和开采的铀矿大多位于湘赣粤,随着生态红线的划定和人民群众对生态环境问题日益重视,铀矿山环境修复越发显得重要。本文简要介绍了中国南方铀矿山开采形式,系统分析了铀矿山生产过程对环境产生的影响,重点介绍了物理修复措施、化学修复措施、生物修复措施原理和应用,总结归纳了相应的优缺点,对未来矿山修复发展前景进行了展望。指出下一步应该关注的重点是,铀矿及其相关设施退役前的环境检测,全面做好矿山生产全过程相关环境数据采集和记录。切实关注铀矿山废水处理处置,增加研究投入,借鉴国外先进技术方法,运用综合修复技术更加高效、安全、快速修复受污染环境。将铀矿山的修复和乡村治理结合起来,发展旅游业,增加当地居民发展动力和收入水平。This is an article in the field of mining environment.Most of the uranium mines discovered and mined in my country are located in Hunan,Jiangxi,and Guangdong.With the delineation of the ecological red line and the increasing attention of the people to ecological and environmental issues,environmental restoration of uranium mines becomes more and more important.This article briefly introduces the mining methods of uranium mines in southern China,systematically analyzes the impact of the production process of uranium mines on the environment,focuses on the principles and applications of physical,chemical,and biological remediation measures,summarizes the corresponding advantages and disadvantages,and prospects the future development of mine restoration.It was pointed out that the next step should be focused on environmental testing before the decommissioning of uranium mines and related facilities,and comprehensive environmental data collection and recording of the entire production process of the mine.Close attention should be paid to the treatment and disposal of wastewater from uranium mines,increase research investment,learn from foreign advanced technology and methods,and use comprehensive repair technology to repair the polluted environment more efficiently,safely and quickly.The restoration of uranium mines would be combined with rural governance,develop tourism,and increase the development motivation and income levels of local residents.

关 键 词：矿山环境 放射性废物 土壤修复 水环境修复 铀矿 

分 类 号：TD985[矿业工程—选矿] TL751[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]