基于大田试验的农田镉污染安全利用技术研究  

Research on Safe Utilization Technologies of Farmland Soil Polluted with Cadmium on Field Trials

作　　者：李媛媛 冯先翠 曹鹏 焦洪鹏 陈亚刚 江海燕 LI Yuanyuan;FENG Xiancui;CAO Peng;JIAO Hongpeng;CHEN Yagang;JIANG Haiyan(Guangdong Province Research Center for Geoanalysis,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省地质实验测试中心,广东广州510080

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第3期154-161,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：广西重点研发计划(桂科AB19245050);国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(201511082);广东省财政地勘事业发展经费项目(2016206)。

摘　　要：文章针对珠三角乡镇工业区周边轻及轻微度镉污染农田土壤,分别开展了低累积水稻阻隔、钝化修复、植物阻隔联合钝化修复、超积累植物提取联合低累积作物间套种及轮作大田试验。结果表明:(1)在轻微度Cd污染土壤中直接种植低累积水稻金稻优998和长丝苗可实现安全生产;(2)土壤中分别添加4500 kg/hm^(2)的蒙脱复合调理剂、2640 kg/hm^(2)的改性蒙脱调理剂可使糙米中的Cd含量降低52.49%、62.50%,实现安全生产;(3)在轻度镉污染土壤上采用蒙脱复合调理剂联合种植金稻优998,可使糙米中的Cd含量降低68.61%,实现安全生产;(4)东南景天及其与玉米间套种处理一季对土壤中Cd提取率可分别达7.90%及7.22%,土壤中Cd分别降低11.5%及10.2%,且套种玉米可实现安全产出;东南景天修复间歇期,通过轮作低累积水稻金稻优998可实现不间断的安全生产。研究开发的土壤修复技术为轻及轻微度镉污染农田的安全利用提供了新的途径。For the soil contaminated by cadmium in various degrees around the Pearl River Delta township industrial region,phytoexclusion experiments by low cadmium accumulation rice varieties,immobilization experiments,phytoexclusion combined with immobilization experiments,intercropping and crop rotation experiments by hyperaccumulator and low Cdaccumulating cultivars were conducted on field.Results showed that planting low Cd-accumulating rice cultivars JDY998 and CSM in slight cadmium-contaminated soil could ensure safe production.Cd in rice grains decreased by 52.49%and 62.50%compared to the control in the soil with the addition dose of 4500 kg/hm^(2)montmorillonite compound conditioner and 2640 kg/hm^(2)functionalized montmorillonite conditioner respectively,which ensure safe production.Joint applica⁃tion of montmorillonite compound conditioner and low Cd-accumulating rice cultivar JDY998 made Cd in rice grains decrease 68.61%and ensure safe production.The Cd extraction rate of Sedum alfredii and the treatment of intercropping with corns could reach 7.90%and 7.22%respectively.Cd in soil reduced by 11.5%and 10.2%.Simultaneously,intercropping corns achieved safe output.Crop rotation by low Cd-accumulating rice cultivar JDY998 could achieve uninterrupted safe production.The soil remediation measures in this study provide a new alternative to safe utilization of Cd contaminated soil in various degrees.

关 键 词：镉 土壤 修复 大田试验 安全利用 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]