3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的毒性风险评估  

Toxicity Risk Assessment of Three Acaricides Against Trichogramma dendrolimi and Coccinella septempunctata

作　　者：熊浩 李凯龙 杜桂萍[1] 罗杰 罗香文[1] 宋增收 陈武瑛[1] XIONG Hao;LI Kai-long;DU Gui-ping;LUO Jie;LUO Xiang-wen;SONG Zeng-shou;CHEN Wu-ying(Hunan Institute of Plant Protection,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第5期67-71,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32202340);长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2202340)。

摘　　要：为明确30%乙螨唑悬浮剂、23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂等3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性效应和初级风险,采用试管药膜法分别测定了3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性,并预测杀螨剂在农田内外的暴露量,表征毒性风险。结果表明:3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂急性接触毒性LR50为0.255~63.400 g a.i./hm^(2);对七星瓢虫的急性接触毒性LR_(50-48 h)和LR_(50-16 d)分别为9.30~21.70 g a.i./hm^(2)和3.72~8.36 g a.i./hm^(2)。30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;3种杀螨剂对七星瓢虫的农田外危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受。综之,2种复配杀螨剂相比单剂的毒性增大,30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对非靶标节肢动物的风险均不可接受,农药施用时需采用一些风险降低措施来减轻对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的风险。To evaluate the acute toxicity and primary risk of three acaricides including 30%etoxazole suspension,23%abamectin·etoxazole suspension,and 15%etoxazole·fenpyroximate suspension against Trichogramma dendrolimi and Coccinella septempunctata,the acute toxicity of three acaricides against T.dendrolimi and C.septempunctata was tested by test-tube film,and the exposed quantity of the acaricides in and out of farmland was predicted to characterize the risk of toxicity.The results show that the acute contact toxicity(LR50)of the three acaricides against T.dendrolimi is 0.255–63.400 g a.i./hm^(2).The LR_(50–48 h)and LR_(50–16 d)of the three acaricides against C.septempunctata are 9.30–21.70 g a.i./hm^(2)and 3.72–8.36 g a.i./hm^(2),respectively.For T.dendrolimi,the hazard quotient(HQ)values of 30%etoxazole suspension and 15%etoxazole·fenpyroximate suspension in and out of farmland are less than 5,so the risk is acceptable.In addition,the HQ values of 23%abamectin·etoxazole suspension in and out of farmland are greater than 5,and the risk is unacceptable.For C.septempunctata,the HQ values of 30%etoxazole suspension and 23%abamectin·etoxazole suspension in farmland are greater than 5,and the risk is unacceptable.The HQ values of 15%etoxazole·fenpyroximate suspension in farmland are less than 5,and the risk is acceptable.The HQ values of the three acaricides out of farmland are less than 5,so the risk is acceptable.In summary,the toxicity of combination of two kinds of acaricides is greater than the single acaricide,and the risk of 30%etoxazole suspension and 23%abamectin·etoxazole suspension is unacceptable against non-target arthropods.Therefore,some risk reduction measures should be adopted during pesticide application to reduce the risk to T.dendrolimi and C.septempunctata.

关 键 词：杀螨剂 松毛虫赤眼蜂 七星瓢虫 毒性 风险评估 

分 类 号：S482.5[农业科学—农药学]