全球深海资源政策的发展走向与中国路径:《BBNJ协定》视角  

The Development Direction of Global Deep-Sea Resources Policy and China’s Path:From the Perspective of the BBNJ Agreement

作　　者：全永波 QUAN Yongbo(School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学经济与管理学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2024年第2期53-63,共11页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金重大研究专项(22VHQ010)。

摘　　要：全球深海资源政策主要通过国际公约和国内立法体现。《联合国海洋法公约》对国际海底区域的资源勘探开发问题作出了明确的规定。美国、英国、法国、日本等国均在20世纪80年代初出台了深海海底矿物资源立法,之后,发展中国家开始进行深海资源勘探开发的本国立法。《BBNJ协定》的开放签署以及批准实施,将可能间接影响深海资源的开发与管理。对中国而言,需要明确《BBNJ协定》下中国深海资源政策方向,开展现有政策评估,关注深海资源勘探开发与环境保护,完善深海立法,构建深海产业发展等领域的政策体系,积极参与深海资源勘探开发事务的国际合作,为全人类海洋可持续发展作出贡献。The high seas and international seabed areas hold abundant marine resources.In the era of global ocean governance and shared marine resource management,international organizations and maritime powers have made strategic deployments and policy arrangements for the exploration and exploitation of deep⁃sea resources through in⁃ternational conventions and domestic legislation.Given the significant shifts and challenges in global oceanic condi⁃tions,conducting policy research on the exploration and exploitation of deep⁃sea resources can facilitate collaborative efforts among all nations to safeguard the shared marine inheritance and ecological environment.Such endeavors can provide a unified direction towards the sustainable development of the world’s oceans and seas.From a legislative perspective,the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has made clear provisions on the ex⁃ploration and exploitation of resources in the international seabed area.Countries such as the United States,the U⁃nited Kingdom,France,and Japan enacted legislation on deep⁃sea mineral resources in the early 1980s.Subse⁃quently,developing countries began enacting their own legislation for the exploration and exploitation of deep⁃sea resources.As a core arrangement in global ocean governance,the Agreement Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond Nation⁃al Jurisdiction(referred to as BBNJ Agreement)has gained widespread international recognition.It was opened for signature on September 20,2023,providing a significant cooperative framework for global ocean governance and its ratification and implementation will likely indirectly affect the development and management of deep⁃sea resources.However,there are certain challenges in the current global deep⁃sea governance process.Many countries heavily re⁃ly on corresponding technological support policies when formulating deep⁃sea resources policies,viewing the en�

关 键 词：深海政策 国际公约 国内立法 环境协同 产业发展 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]