番石榴花粉生活力及柱头可授性研究  

Study on Pollen Viability and Stigma Acceptability of Guava

作　　者：秦健 蒋浩然 张守梅 赖多[1] 肖维强[1] 庄庆礼 邵雪花[1] QIN Jian;JIANG Haoran;ZHANG Shoumei;LAI Duo;XIAO Weiqiang;ZHUANG Qingli;SHAO Xuehua(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640;College of Horticulture and Gardening,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434000;Wanqingsha Agricultural and Rural Technical Service Center,Guangzhou 510000)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广州510640 [2]长江大学园艺园林学院,湖北荆州434000 [3]万顷沙农业农村技术服务中心,广州510000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第13期70-75,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：2022年省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目“番石榴种质资源创制与新品种选育”(2022-NPY-01-005);广东省农业科学院人才引进项目“优秀博士”(R2022YJ-YB3027);广东省农业科学院横向科技项目“番石榴种质创制和配套栽培技术研究”(202209)。

摘　　要：为研究番石榴最佳花粉采集期、授粉期及去雄期,以番石榴新鲜花粉为试材,采用正交设计试验,筛选最优培养基配方,进而测定不同保存时间及不同开放状态的花粉生活力和柱头可授性。结果显示,培养基组分对番石榴花粉生活力的影响程度由强到弱为糖>硼酸>氯化钙,最佳处理组合为150 g/L蔗糖+0 g/L硼酸+0.3 g/L氯化钙,其花粉生活力为91.9%。花粉生活力随保存时间延长而降低,新鲜采摘的番石榴花粉生活力为89.69%,保存96 h的花粉生活力为0%。番石榴花在时期Ⅲ(花苞完全裂开、萼片脱落)花粉生活力最高,时期Ⅳ(花瓣展开)柱头可授性最强;另外,时期Ⅰ和Ⅱ的花粉囊并未打开,柱头上未附着花粉且花粉生活力较低。因此,番石榴花的最佳授粉期为时期Ⅳ,最佳花粉采集期为时期Ⅲ,最佳去雄期为时期Ⅰ和Ⅱ。In order to explore the optimal period for pollen collection,pollination and emasculation in guava,fresh guava pollen was used as the experimental material and an orthogonal design experiment was conducted to screen the optimal formula of the culture medium.Subsequently,the pollen viability and stigma receptivity were determined at different preservation time and states of openness.The results showed that the influence of culture medium formulas on the pollen viability of guava was in the order of sugar>boric acid>calcium chloride.The optimal treatment combination was 150 g/L sucrose+0 g/L boric acid+0.3 g/L calcium chloride with a pollen viability of 91.9%.The pollen viability decreased with prolonged storage time and the pollen viability of freshly harvested guava pollen was 89.69%,which decreased to 0%after 96 hours of storage.Guava flowers had the highest pollen viability in stageⅢ(complete bud split and sepal shedding),and the stigma receptivity was the strongest in stageⅣ(petal spreading).Moreover,guava flowers in stageⅠandⅡwere in the states of unopened anthers,no pollen adhesion on the stigma and a low rate of pollen viability.Therefore,the optimal emasculation period is stagesⅠandⅡ,while the optimal periods of pollination and pollen collection are stageⅣand stageⅢ,respectively.

关 键 词：番石榴 离体培养 花粉生活力 柱头可授性 最佳授粉期 最佳花粉采集期 最佳去雄期 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]