耕作措施和施氮量对小麦籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield,Grain Protein Content and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat

作　　者：李文倩 韩明明 张海军 吕连杰 李晓宇 LI Wenqian;HAN Mingming;ZHANG Haijun;LV Lianjie;LI Xiaoyu(Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zibo,Shandong 255000;Zibo Institute for Digital Agriculture and Rural Research,Zibo,Shandong 255000)

机构地区：[1]淄博市农业科学研究院,山东淄博255000 [2]淄博数字农业农村研究院,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第14期1-12,共12页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：为明确黄淮海地区小麦产量、品质和氮素利用率协同提高的最优耕作和氮肥组合模式,于2018—2020年设置2 a大田定位试验,试验采用裂区设计,主区为耕作方式,分别为旋耕(R)、深耕(P)和深松(B);裂区为施氮量,分别为135 kg/hm^(2)(N135)、180 kg/hm^(2)(N180)、225 kg/hm^(2)(N225)、270 kg/hm^(2)(N270)。结果表明:耕作措施、施氮量及其互作对小麦籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮素利用率均有显著影响。深松较传统旋耕或深耕处理,小麦开花期、成熟期氮素积累量分别增加1.2%~18.9%、5.2%~16.3%,花前氮素转运量、花后氮素积累量分别增加0.8%~70.4%、5.7%~21.9%,植株氮素生产力、氮素利用率分别增加3.2%~21.1%、3.7%~40.7%,最终实现小麦籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和籽粒蛋白质产量分别提高3.7%~40.7%、3.6%~8.9%和3.0%~49.9%。在一定范围内,增加氮肥施用量可以促进小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的提高,但同时降低了氮素利用率。综合效应看,深松配合270 kg/hm^(2)施氮量可同时实现最高籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和籽粒蛋白质产量,且氮素利用率高于相同施氮量的旋耕、深耕处理。因此,就本试验区域而言,首选深松耕作方式并配合270 kg/hm^(2)施氮量可实现小麦产量和品质协同提高,同时维持较优的氮素利用率。To determine the suitable combination of tillage and nitrogen(N)rate for synergistic improvement of wheat yield,quality and N use efficiency in Huang-Huai-Hai area,field experiments was conducted from 2018 to 2020 with three tillage practices(rotary tillage,R;deep ploughing,P;subsoiling,B)and four N rates(135 kg/hm^(2),N135,180 kg/hm^(2),N180,225 kg/hm^(2),N225,270 kg/hm^(2),N270)in Zibo,Shandong.The results showed that the grain yield,grain protein content and N use efficiency could be significantly regulated by tillage practice,N rate and the interaction of tillage practice and N rate.Compared with the traditional R or P,B increased the N accumulation amount at anthesis and maturity stages by 1.2%-18.9%and 5.2%-16.3%,respectively.The pre-anthesis N translocation amount and post-anthesis N accumulation amount were increased by 0.8%-70.4%and 5.7%-21.9%,respectively.Additionally,the plant N production capacity and N use efficiency increased by 3.2%-21.1%and 3.7%-40.7%,respectively.Therefore,compared with R or P,the grain yield,grain protein content and grain protein yield under B were significantly increased by 3.7%-40.7%,3.6%-8.9%and 3.0%-49.9%.Increasing the N rate in a certain range could increase the grain protein content,but reduced the N use efficiency at the same time.In general,the highest grain yield,grain protein content and grain protein yield could be obtained simultaneously by B combined with 270 kg/hm^(2) N rate,and the N use efficiency was higher than other tillage practices with the same N rate.Therefore,in this experimental area,the preferred B combined with 270 kg/hm^(2) could achieve a synergistic increase in wheat yield and quality,while maintaining relatively higher N use efficiency.

关 键 词：耕作措施 施氮量 籽粒产量 籽粒蛋白质含量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]