南平烤烟大田生长期气候要素时空变化特征  

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Climate Factors During Growth Period of Flue-Cured Tobacco Fields in Nanping

作　　者：吴平[1] 陈志厚[1] 林勇[1] 陈爱国[2] 郑加玉[2] 郑国建 WU Ping;CHEN Zhihou;LIN Yong;CHEN Aiguo;ZHENG Jiayu;ZHENG Guojian(Nanping Branch of Fujian Tobacco Company,Nanping,Fujian 353000;Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266101;Shunchang Branch of Nanping Tobacco Company,Shunchang,Fujian 353200)

机构地区：[1]福建省烟草公司南平市公司,福建南平353000 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101 [3]南平市烟草公司顺昌分公司,福建顺昌353200

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第14期90-98,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国烟草总公司福建省公司科技项目“南平烤烟生产气候波动特征及烟叶质量预测研究”(2019350000240140,NYK2020-08-02)。

摘　　要：气候对于烤烟生长发育和烟叶品质有重要影响,为明确南平烟区烤烟大田期气候要素的变化特征,利用南平气象局提供的1971—2019年烟草大田生长期(1月中旬—7月中旬)旬气候资料,采用Mann-Kendall方法进行突变检测,分析了气温、降水量及日照时数等典型气候要素的时间及空间变化特征。结果表明,烤烟大田生长期逐年日照时数趋于减少,气温和降水量趋于增加,时间拐点在1995年。气候突变主要发生在春烟的气温和日照时数要素上,分别发生在1970s中期和2000s前期,降水量要素未发生突变。早春烟和春烟大田生长期气温在北部较低,南部及中部气温较高;降水量北部较高,南部及中部较低;日照时数整体表现为自西向东或东南逐渐增加。随着烤烟生育期进行,大田生长期气温逐渐升高,日照时数自6月下旬快速增加,强降水主要集中在6月,早春烟和春烟各生育期日照时数差异主要在伸根期和成熟期。研究结果对合理利用气候资源、趋利避害、提高烟叶产质量有重要的宏观指导意义。Climate has an important impact on the growth of flue-cured tobacco and tobacco leaf quality.In order to clarify the change characteristics of climate elements in the field period of flue-cured tobacco in Nanping tobaccogrowing area,this study used the climate data of growing period of tobacco(mid-January to mid-July)from 1971 to 2019 provided by Nanping Meteorological Bureau,and the Mann-Kendall method was used to detect abrupt change of climate,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of typical climatic elements such as temperature,precipitation and sunshine duration were analyzed.The results showed that the interannual sunshine hours tended to decrease and the temperature and precipitation tended to increase during field growing period of flue-cured tobacco,and the inflection point was in 1995.The abrupt change of climate mainly occurred in the air temperature and sunshine hours of spring tobacco,and occurred in the mid-1970s and early 2000s respectively,the precipitation factors did not change abruptly.The temperature in the field growing period of early spring tobacco and spring tobacco was lower in the north area,and higher in the south and middle area.Precipitation was higher in the north area,but lower in the south and middle area.The sunshine hours increased gradually from west to east or southeast.With the growth period of flue-cured tobacco progress,the temperature increased gradually,the sunshine hours increased rapidly from late June,and the heavy precipitation was mainly concentrated in June.The difference of sunshine hours between early spring tobacco and spring tobacco field growth period was mainly in the root expanding stage and mature stage.The research results are of great significance to the rational use of climate resources,avoiding disadvantages and improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：南平 烤烟 气候要素 时空变化特征 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]