明初“表笺之祸”补证  

The 'Literary Inquisition' in the Early Ming Dynasty Re-Examined

作　　者：高寿仙[1] Gao Shouxian

机构地区：[1]北京行政学院北京市情研究中心

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第5期51-62,141,共13页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：明清文献中记载了很多因文字触犯忌讳被朱元璋诛杀的案例。清代史学家赵翼还专门撰写了一篇《明初文字之祸》,这篇文章被后世学者广泛引用,但也有一些学者对其中个别案例提出质疑,甚至进而怀疑明初文字狱的真实性。事实上,朱元璋在《教民榜文》中曾明确宣布,因为所上表笺中存在“诽谤”文字而诛杀了一批地方学官,为文字狱的真实性提供了不容置疑的铁证。此外,学者们质疑文字狱时提供的证据也未必可靠,比如有些学者一口咬定杭州府学教授徐一夔并未遭到朱元璋诛杀,而是一直活到建文初年,但仔细分析其论证依据,其实存在很大的漏洞。The Ming-Qing historical documents include a number of cases involving the founding Emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang executing the officials,known as 'The literary inquisition in the Early Ming Dynasty' by Zhao Yi,Historian of the Qing dynasty.The content of this article has been widely cited by later scholars,but there remain the disputes over some of the cases as well as the truth of the incident in the early Ming dynasty.Yet,Zhu Yuanzhang' s 'Edicts on Education for All' explicitly accounts that a group of local educational officials are executed for 'defamatory' words in their congratulatory messages,which just proves the 'literary inquisition' as it is.For another,the reasons for querying about the 'literary inquisition' may not reliable enough.For example,there is the case of Xu Yikui,Professor of the Hangzhou state-run school,someone insists that he was not executed by Zhu Yuanzhang but lived till the early years of the Jianwen period.This explanation is unconvincing by the detailed analysis.

关 键 词：文字狱 表笺之祸 朱元璋 徐一夔 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]