奉祀帝陵的皇戚勋家:明朝孝陵卫指挥使世家萧氏——从出土墓志谈起  

The Imperial Kin and Meritorious Families Serving the Ming Tombs:The Xiao's Family of Commanders of Royal Tomb Guardians in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：虞金永 Yu Jinyong

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文物与博物馆学系

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第5期78-90,142,共14页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：全国高校古委会古籍整理研究项目“南京出土明代墓志资料的整理研究”(项目编号:1444);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目“南京出土明代墓志资料整理与研究”(项目编号:2014ZDIXM015)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：南京市两座墓葬出土的孝陵卫指挥使萧氏家族的两合墓志,详细记载了其家族五代百余年的发展历史,特别是萧敬季女洪武朝入选宫掖拜为美人,后陪葬孝陵的事迹,可补史阙。洪武朝天女户的特殊身份对萧氏家族政治权力的延续产生了深远影响。自永乐至正统年间,萧氏家族同步掌印奉祀明皇陵和明孝陵,是安徽凤阳中都城和南京孝陵的双重掌权者。而明弘治前,孝陵卫指挥使主要由萧氏和宁国大长公主驸马梅殷家族世袭。明代孝陵卫指挥使一职可多人同时担任,但仅一人掌印(见任官),其余皆为带俸官。Two epitaphs unearthed from the tombs of Xiao family posted as the Commanders of Royal Tomb Guardians,in Nanjing bear the history of their clan of five generations for more than a hundred years.The inscriptions provide complements to historical documents,especially by mentioning Xiao Jing's youngest daughter who was selected and ennobled as a'Beauty'to be enrolled into the royal palace during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty,yet later buried in the Xiaoling mausoleum with the deceased emperor.The Xiao family thus became a Household of Chaotiannu(interred maiden),an embellished title for the sacrificed concubines of the emperors.The special status the family gained in the Hongwu reign led to a profound impact on the continuation of the family's political influence.From the Yongle to the Zhengtong era,the Xiao's family concurrently was in charge of the Huangling mausoleum and the Xiaoling mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty,wielding dual authority in the Anhui Fengyang Zhongdu and Nanjing.Before the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty,the commander of royal tomb guardians was mainly inherited by the Xiao's family and the Mei Yin's family of the Ningguo Princess's consort.In the Ming Dynasty,the commander of royal tomb guardians can be undertaken by more than one person at once,but only one person can hold the seal(the chief official),and the rest are paid officials.

关 键 词：孝陵卫指挥使 萧氏家族 朝天女户 明皇陵 锦衣卫 

分 类 号：K877.45[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K248[历史地理—历史学] D691[政治法律—政治学]