智柔超材料及其力学性能的研究进展  

Recent Research Progress on Intelligent Flexible Mechanical Metamaterials and Their Properties

作　　者：杨庆生[1] 粘向川 张婧[1] 唐爱杰 金山[1] 陶然 Qingsheng Yang;Xiangchuan Nian;Jing Zhang;Aijie Tang;Shan Jin;Ran Tao(Department of Engineering Mechanics,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing,100124;Institute of Advanced Structure Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,100081)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学工程力学系,北京100124 [2]北京理工大学先进结构技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《固体力学学报》2024年第2期145-169,共25页Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(11932002)资助。

摘　　要：力学超材料(或超结构)因其独特的微观结构设计而展现超常的物理和力学特性.将力学超材料设计思想与智能柔性(简称智柔)材料相结合,可以制备出具有自感知和自驱动功能的智柔力学超材料(简称智柔超材料).本文对近年来智柔超材料的研究现状和进展进行了评述,分析了此类材料的基本设计思想、变形机理及力学特性,重点关注了基于形状记忆聚合物和水凝胶智柔超材料的设计原理和性能分析方法;阐释了先进制造技术为智柔超材料发展带来的机遇,并讨论了此类材料在设计和开发方面面临的关键问题以及未来发展趋势.Mechanical metamaterials(or meta-structures)exhibit extraordinary physical and mechanical properties due to their unique microstructural designs.By combining the design ideas of mechanical metamaterials with intelligent and flexible materials(IFMs),it is possible to create intelligent flexible mechanical metamaterials(IFMMs)with self-sensing and self-actuating capabilities.This paper takes conventional mechanical metamaterials as a starting point and analyzes the fundamental design ideas,deformation mechanisms,and mechanical properties of IFMMs.According to the recent research progress on IFMMs,this novel metamaterial is categorized as mechanical metamaterial based on shape memory polymers(SMPs),hydrogel,magnetoactive soft materials and dielectric elastomers,and we are particularly concerned with the first two types.Based on our previous work,we present the general approach of using analytical methods and numerical simulations to analyze the mechanical properties of negative Poisson's ratio,negative expansion,and multi-stable metamaterials under the assumption of small deformation and large deformation with multi-field coupling,respectively.In the assumption of small deformation,the use of beam theory and energy methods proves to be essential for obtaining fundamental mechanical parameters of the materials.Moreover,accurate constitutive models and numerical implementation under large deformation and multi-field coupling offer the possibility to analyze more complex deformations and structures.In addition,the preparation and performance test of IFMMs remain crucial.Advanced manufacturing techniques have brought new opportunities for the preparation of IFMMs,and currently,various methods are available to effectively prepare these materials.And the performance test of IFMMs includes both experiments applicable to traditional materials and special experiments only for IFMs.Finally,this paper concludes by highlighting some key issues and potential trends of IFMMs.These challenges primarily revolve around material prop

关 键 词：智柔超材料 力学性能 形状记忆聚合物 水凝胶 负泊松比 负膨胀 多稳态 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]