清代私家藏书楼的生命史研究  

The Life History Study of Private Library Collections in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：陈熙 Chen Xi(Institute of Chinese Ancient Books Preservation,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中华古籍保护研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期47-55,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金青年项目“明清以来私人藏书楼的地理空间分布及变迁”(项目批准号:17YJC870002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：聚散无常是中国古代私家藏书的典型特征之一,既有研究在方法上较为单一,且缺乏整体性考察,因而无法准确回答藏书楼从聚到散的持续时间究竟几何及其趋势性变化等问题。鉴于此,本文借鉴人口统计学和历史地理学相关理论,提出“藏书楼寿命”这一概念,从生命史角度对上述问题进行再研究。结果显示,清代私家藏书楼平均寿命总体呈起伏下降趋势,阶段性特征明显;私家藏书楼平均寿命43.16年,近半数在31-50年间;私家藏书楼代际传承困难,84.20%只能维持一代人,传承两代人的仅9.60%,两代以上的藏书世家比例极低;私家藏书楼寿命在省、府两级的空间差异并不显著。影响藏书楼寿命的主要因素包括经济基础、继承人、水火灾害、战乱兵燹等。The gathering and dispersion of private library collections constitute a typical characteristic of ancient Chinese private libraries.Previous researches on this topic have been relatively monolithic in methodology and lack comprehensive investigation,making it difficult to accurately address questions regarding the duration and trend changes from aggregation to dispersion in these libraries.In light of this,drawing on theories from demography and historical geography,this paper introduces the concept of"library longevity"to examine the aforementioned issues from a life history perspective.The results indicate that the average lifespan of private library collections during the Qing Dynasty generally exhibited a fluctuating downward trend with significant periodic characteristics.The average lifespan of private library collections was 43.16 years,with nearly half lasting between 31 and 50 years.Inter-generational inheritance of private library collections posed significant challenges,with 84.20% only being sustained for one generation,while only 9.60% were passed down for two generations,and the proportion of multi-generational library legacies was extremely low.Spatial differences in the lifespan of private library collections at the provincial and prefectural levels were not significant.The primary factors influencing library longevity included economic foundations,successors,water and fire disasters,as well as wars and disturbances.

关 键 词：私家藏书楼 藏书楼寿命 藏书聚散 

分 类 号：G25[文化科学—图书馆学]