美欧气候治理的路径差异、弥合趋势及其影响  

Differences,Convergence and Impacts of Climate Governance Approaches of the US and EU

作　　者：江清云 杨洁 Jiang Qingyun;Yang Jie

机构地区：[1]深圳技术大学商学院 [2]上海WTO事务咨询中心

出　　处：《国际经济评论》2024年第3期129-150,7,共23页International Economic Review

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2023年度项目“当前美国产业政策对珠三角高科技制造企业的影响和对策研究”(项目编号:GD23XFX28)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在应对气候变化的行动上,由于发展需求、产业结构的差异,减排方案一般应考虑各国自身利益。作为全球两个重要的经济体,美国形成了财政激励主导的减排模式,欧盟则采取了以碳定价为核心的减排机制,二者在绿色产业上的竞争有所加强。本文基于对美欧应对气候变化的历史政策和当前主要措施的分析,指出二者在气候治理路径上的主要差异及外溢影响。尽管气候治理路径存在差异,但在减排目标推进、钢铝产品贸易治理以及关键矿物供应链安全等议题上,美欧通过政策对话和合作机制展开协调,双方政策弥合趋势正在显现。美欧通过立法实施的绿色产业政策将气候目标与产业韧性绑定,对中国产业发展形成制约。在气候治理与产业竞争、贸易和国家安全关联的背景下,中国的气候政策和绿色产业发展战略应积极调整,通过全球市场多元布局、清洁技术创新以及参与多边气候治理等方式加以应对。In terms of actions to address climate change,due to different development stages and industrial structures,countries generally should consider their own interests when they map out their emission reduction plans.The US and the EU,as the two of the most important economies in the world,have taken different emission reduction approaches,with the US forming an emission reduction model dominated by financial incentives,while the EU adopting an emission reduction mechanism centered on carbon pricing.Competition between the two countries in green industry has somewhat intensified.Based on the analysis of the historical policies and current main measures of the US and the EU in response to climate change,this article points out the main differences and spillover effects in the climate governance paths between them.However,on issues such as the promotion of emission reduction targets,the governance of trade in steel and aluminum products,and the security of key mineral supply chains,the US and the EU have coordinated through policy dialogue and cooperation mechanisms,and a trend of policy convergence between the two economies is emerging.They have,through legislation,adopt green industrial policies to bind climate goals to industrial resilience,thus constraining China's industrial development.Against the backdrop of the US binding climate governance to industrial competition,trade and national security,China should take active measures to amend its climate policy and green industry development strategy,and respond through diversified global market layout,clean technology innovation and participation in multilateral climate governance.

关 键 词：气候治理 碳排放 碳边境调节 绿色补贴 产业竞争 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]