用于锂金属电池的聚合物固态电解质的研究进展  

Recent Progress on Polymer Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries

作　　者：谷琪 刘夏夏 周鑫宇 李江 林秀婧[1] 马延文[1] Gu Qi;Liu Xiaxia;Zhou Xinyu;Li Jiang;Lin Xiujing;Ma Yanwen(State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays(KLOEID)&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM),Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学信息材料与纳米技术研究院有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《化学学报》2024年第4期449-457,共9页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(No.2020M681682);有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室资助项目(No.GZR2023010002);南京邮电大学校级自然科学基金(No.NY222150)资助.

摘　　要：聚合物固态电解质因其质轻安全、结构可设计以及优异的机械性能,成为高能量密度、高安全性全固态电池的潜在材料,逐渐成为研究的重点.但因其结晶度高、室温离子电导率低等缺陷也限制其进一步商业化.本综述梳理了近年来比较优越的聚合物固态电解质种类,包括聚醚类聚合物、聚碳酸酯类聚合物、氟化聚合物、聚离子液体聚合物、单离子传导聚合物,围绕如何提升离子电导率,重点回顾了针对不同基质的结构设计和合成工艺方面的创新.最后阐述了聚合物固态电解质目前面临的基础研究和应用问题,以期为新型聚合物固态电解质的设计与制备提供新思路.Lithium metal is considered an ideal negative electrode material for its highest theoretical specific capacity and lowest redox potential.However,traditional lithium metal batteries have faced thorny challenges,primarily due to the growth of lithium dendrites and utilization of leaky,flammable organic liquid electrolyte,which would lead to battery failure and potential safety hazards.Replacing liquid electrolyte with solid-state electrolyte comes out to be a promising solution to the issues above.Recently,polymer solid electrolytes have garnered significant attention for their lightweight,safety,designable structure and excellent mechanical properties,which could restrain the uncontrollable growing of lithium dendrites.However,the high crystallinity and the resultant low ion conductivity at room temperature have impeded their widespread commercialization.Significant efforts have been directed towards the development of polymer solid electrolytes with superior performance.Herein,the recent development of polymer solid electrolyte is reviewed and summarized,including polyether polymers,polycarbonate polymers,fluorinated polymers,poly(ionic liquid)polymers,and single ion conductive polymers.Each of these polymer solid electrolytes offers unique advantages and challenges.The respective properties of different polymer electrolytes and the influence on the electrochemical performance are compared and discussed in detail.This article also focuses on the progress in structural designs and the innovation in synthesis process for different polymer matrixes in order to improve the ion conductivity at room temperature.For structural designs,grafting kinds of polar groups to the matrix structure,or designing various types of chain structures can reduce crystallinity,and thus enhance the ion transport.In addition to the conventional solution-casting method and phase inversion technique,electrospinning method,UV coating and other in-situ processes are utilized in the preparation of polymer solid electrolytes.Finally,in this pap

关 键 词：锂金属电池 固态电解质 聚合物电解质 结构设计 合成工艺 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] O646.1[理学—物理化学]