杏树叶果及土壤矿质营养的动态变化分析  

Dynamic Changes of Mineral Nutrients in Apricot Leaf,Fruit and Soil

作　　者：谢辉[1] 阿丽娅·阿力木 秦丽欢 古丽米热·喀斯木 外力·喀迪尔 张大海[1] XIE Hui;Aliya·ALIMU;QIN Lihuan;Gulimire·KASIMU;Waili·KADI′ER;ZHANG Dahai(Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Yingjisha County,Kashgar,Xinjiang 844000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]英吉沙县农业农村局,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第10期69-77,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：中央引导地方-特色果树种质创新与育种能力提升资助项目;新疆杏产业技术体系专项资金资助项目(XJCYTX-01,XJCYTX-03);天山英才创新人才青年拔尖人才资助项目(2022TSYCCX0068)。

摘　　要：以‘苏路克’杏(Prunus armeniaca L.‘Suluke’)为试材,采用方差分析和相关性分析方法,研究了不同发育期的杏叶片、果实以及不同深度土壤中矿质元素含量的变化规律及其相关性对杏树生长发育的影响,以期为该地区杏园土肥管理提供参考依据。结果表明:在杏树果实发育的整个阶段,不同深度土壤N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、B和Fe矿质元素整体波动均较大;杏叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Zn、Fe元素含量均下降;除N元素外,杏果实中各矿质元素含量均呈下降趋势,幼果期内其他各矿质元素含量明显大于果实成熟期。相关分析结果表明,土壤中的N、K元素对杏叶片中矿质元素含量有较大影响,土壤中N、K、B元素对杏果实中矿质元素含量有较大影响,且叶片中P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe对杏果实中矿质元素含量有较大影响。综上,建议(生产上)在实际生产过程中,在幼果期前(4月上旬至中旬)需满足土壤中N、P、K肥;在果实膨大期前(4月中旬至下旬)需叶面喷施N、Ca、Cu、Zn、B、Fe肥;在硬核期前(5月中旬至下旬)需叶面喷施P、K、Mg肥;在果实成熟期后(7月中旬至9月中旬),以施有机肥为主,复合肥为辅。Taking Prunus armeniaca L.‘Suluke’as the test material,the variation of mineral element contents in leaves,fruits and soil depth of apricot at different development stages and their correlation effects on the growth and development of apricot were studied by means of variance analysis and correlation analysis,in order to provide reference for the management of soil fertilizer in apricot orchard in this area.The results showed that N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,B and Fe in different soil depths fluctuated greatly during the whole stage of apricot fruit development.The contents of N,P,K,Ca,Zn and Fe in apricot leaves decreased.Except N element,the contents of all mineral elements in apricot fruits showed a decreasing trend,and the contents of other mineral elements in young fruits were significantly higher than those in mature fruits.The correlation analysis results showed that N and K elements in soil had a great influence on the mineral elements content in apricot leaves,N,K and B elements in soil had a great influence on the mineral elements content in apricot fruits,and P,K,Ca,Mg and Fe in leaves had a great influence on the mineral elements content in apricot fruits.In conclusion,it was suggested that N,P and K fertilizer in soil should be satisfied before young fruit stage(early April to mid-April)in the actual production process.N,Ca,Cu,Zn,B,Fe fertilizer should be sprayed on the leaf surface before the fruit expansion stage(mid-April to late-April).Before the hardcore stage(mid-May to late-May),P,K,Mg fertilizer should be sprayed on the leaf surface.After the fruit ripening stage(mid-July to mid-September),organic fertilizer was mainly applied and compound fertilizer was supplemented.

关 键 词：杏树 叶片 果实 土壤矿质营养 相关性 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]