语法分析中的“语气”  

Yuqi in Grammatical Studies

作　　者：石定栩[1] SHI Dingxu(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学,广东省广州市510420

出　　处：《现代外语》2024年第3期293-304,共12页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“生成语法的汉语研究与新时代汉语语法理论创新”(18ZDA291)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“语气”有几个不同的定义,指向不同的语法范畴和语法功能,往往因此而造成混乱。在讨论英语语法的中文文献中,“语气”用于表示mood这个modality的子集,也就是以特殊的屈折形态变化为标记的那一部分;在分析汉语的文献中,“语气”表示句子类型,也有人说“语气”表示mood。本文总结分析了“语气”的五大类十七小类,建议在讨论印欧语的mood时保留“语气”,讨论汉语的句子类型时不用“语气”,并将汉语的“语气助词”和“语气副词”分别改为“情态助词”和“情态副词”。Yuqi,a term commonly found in the literature published in Chinse,has several definitions and often leads to confusion.In the literature about English grammar,it refers to mood,a subset of modality encoded in inflectional morphology.In the literature about Chinese grammar,it is a cover term for sentence types but is claimed to mean mood in recent years.After a careful investigation of the controversies,this paper argues that yuqi could be the Chinese equivalent of mood in analyzing English,but should not be used for Chinese sentence types.As for the terms adverb for mood and sentence-final particle for mood,it is suggested to substitute modality for mood.

关 键 词：语气 情态 句子类型 情态助词 情态副词 

分 类 号：H042[语言文字—语言学]