长江上游国家水稻区试品种耐热性鉴定与评价  

Heat-Tolerance Rice Varieties from National Regional Trial in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River:Identification and Evaluation

作　　者：杨帅 张征锋[2] 张方玉 万星 刘燚 肖本泽[1] YANG Shuai;ZHANG Zhengfeng;ZHANG Fangyu;WAN Xing;LIU Yi;XIAO Benze(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;School of Life Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070 [2]华中师范大学生命科学学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第15期1-8,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家农作物品种试验专项(301-707124100)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在评估全球气候变暖对水稻生产的影响,并鉴定长江上游地区水稻品种的开花期耐热性。我们对2020—2022年476份国家长江上游水稻品种的开花期进行了大田自然高温和温室高温两种环境下的耐热性测试与评价。结果表明,参试品种整体表现出良好的开花期耐热性,其中分别有67、324、49、30和6份品种被划分为强(1级)、较强(3级)、一般(5级)、较弱(7级)和弱(9级)耐热性类别,占比分别为14.1%、68.1%、10.3%、6.3%和1.3%。通过年份对比发现,耐热性在不同年份的整体表现为:2021年优于2020年,而2020年又优于2022年。从品种类型来看,两系杂交稻的耐热性优于三系杂交稻,而三系杂交稻又优于常规稻。不同试验渠道来源的品种在耐热性上呈现出绿色通道试验优于国家统一试验,国家统一试验又优于联合体试验的趋势。本试验中鉴定出的耐热性强或较强的391份品种,在保证产量、品质及抗病性等其他重要农艺性状的前提下,可在长江上游热害常发区作为耐热品种优先推广种植;对于耐热性一般的49份品种,建议在审定推广时明确适宜种植区域,避免在热害常发区种植。至于耐热性较弱或弱的36份品种,建议在审定时要特别谨慎。For better reducing the impact of global climate change on rice production,the heat-tolerance of 476 national rice varieties in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from 2020 to 2022 had been identified and evaluated under both natural field and greenhouse conditions in this study.The results showed that tested varieties had generally good heat-tolerance at flowering stage,with 67,324,49,30 and 6 varieties reaching grade 1,3,5,7 and 9,accounting for 14.1%,68.1%,10.3%,6.3%and 1.3%respectively.The overall heattolerance performance of tested varieties in different years was as follows:2021>2020>2022.The overall heat-tolerance performance of different types of rice varieties showed as follows:two-line hybrid rice>threeline hybrid rice>conventional rice.The overall heat-tolerance performance of varieties from different trial channels showed as follows:green-channel trial>national unified trial>alliance trial.The 391 varieties with stronger or strong heat tolerance identified in this experiment can be preferentially promoted and applied in the heat-damaged frequent areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,on the premise of taking the yield,quality and disease resistance into account.For 49 varieties with general heat tolerance,the planting areas of them should be limited strictly during the approval and promotion to avoid planting in areas with frequent heat damage,and 36 varieties with weak or weaker heat tolerance are recommended to be particularly cautious in the approval.

关 键 词：中稻 高温 综合耐热系数 品种审定 种质资源 

分 类 号：S330[农业科学—作物遗传育种]