不同基因型玉米对低氮胁迫的反应与耐低氮品种性状选择  

Response of Different Maize Genotypes to Low Nitrogen Stress and Trait Selection of Low Nitrogen Tolerant Varieties

作　　者：彭超颖 霍川 谢雯 向振凡 霍仕平 PENG Chaoying;HUO Chuan;XIE Wen;XIANG Zhenfan;HUO Shiping(Chongqing Three Gorges University,Wanzhou,Chongqing 404100;Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wanzhou,Chongqing 404155;Extension Station of Agricultural Technology in Sichuan Ziyang,Ziyang,Sichuan 641400)

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡学院,重庆万州404100 [2]重庆三峡农业科学院,重庆万州404155 [3]四川省资阳市农技推广站,四川资阳641400

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第15期19-28,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：重庆市科技攻关计划项目“肥高效利用和镉低积累玉米种质创制与应用”(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0006),“宜机优质饲用玉米种质培育与应用”(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0007);重庆市科企联合体项目“优质玉米资源收集利用与基因型试验示范”(2021-2025)。

摘　　要：为筛选出耐低氮的玉米品种和提供鉴定筛选耐低氮玉米品种的技术。以36个杂交组合为试验材料,在用氮量比正常施氮量减少70%条件下,测定基因型农艺性状表型值,基于表型值计算出耐低氮综合系数,进而评价基因型耐低氮能力。结果表明,在低氮胁迫下,多数农艺性状的表现不同基因型间存在显著或极显著差异;36个基因型间耐低氮综合系数差异很大,最大值为1.0319,最小值为-0.1139,平均值为0.4506,系数极显著和显著大于平均值的基因型分别有6个和4个,与平均值差异不显著的基因型有16个,显著和极显著小于平均值的基因型分别有2个和8个。系数极显著和显著大于系数平均值的基因型可评为耐低氮能力强和较强的品种;低氮胁迫时,生长旺盛、植株较高、穗位叶宽大可作为选择耐低氮品种的重要性状。In order to screen out the maize varieties with low-nitrogen tolerance,and provide the technologies for identifying and screening low-nitrogen-resistant corn varieties,36 corn cross combinations were used as test materials,the phenotypic value of genotypic agronomic traits was determined under the condition that the amount of nitrogen used was reduced by 70%compared to the normal amount of nitrogen applied.Based on the phenotypic value,the comprehensive coefficient of low nitrogen stress was calculated,and then the genotype's ability to low nitrogen resistance was evaluated.The results showed that there were significant or very significant differences in the performance of most agronomic traits among different genotypes under low nitrogen stress.The comprehensive coefficient of low nitrogen stress varied greatly among 36 genotypes,with a maximum value of 1.0319,a minimum value of-0.1139,and an average of 0.4506.There were 6 and 4 genotypes with very significantly and significantly greater coefficients than the average,respectively;16 genotypes had no significantly different from the average;there were 2 and 8 genotypes with significantly and very significantly smaller coefficients than the average,respectively.Genotypes with extremely significant and significantly greater coefficients than the average were rated as varieties with strong and stronger low-nitrogen resistances.Vigorous growth,higher plants,and wide ear leaves could be used as important characteristics for selecting low-nitrogen-resistant varieties under low-nitrogen stress.

关 键 词：玉米 基因型 耐低氮 综合系数 

分 类 号：S330.3[农业科学—作物遗传育种]