有机肥小分子化促进作物增产增效的研究进展  

Research Progress on Promoting Crop Yield and Efficiency Through Small Molecule Organic Fertilizer Application

作　　者：林思远 袁军委 侯俊 何文祥 蔡亮 吴俊达 刘超 刘翔 LIN Siyuan;YUAN Junwei;HOU Jun;HE Wenxiang;CAI Liang;WU Junda;LIU Chao;LIU Xiang(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Co-construction by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Hubei Province/College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434020;Jingmen FarmX Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd,Jingmen,Hubei 448200;Sinochem Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100032;Hanchuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hanchuan,Hubei 431200)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室(部省共建)/长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434020 [2]荆门法麦克斯农业科技有限公司,湖北荆门448200 [3]中化现代农业有限公司,北京100032 [4]汉川市农业技术推广中心,湖北汉川431200

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第15期59-65,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划“一种基于提质增效的绿色功能型有机肥关键技术研究”(2023BBB082),“高档优质轻简栽培水稻新品种选育项目”(2022BBA002);农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室开放课题“功能膜覆盖好氧堆肥温室气体减排性能及优化技术研究”(KLFAW202201);浙江省台州市路桥区科技计划项目(2023N2003)。

摘　　要：施用化肥能提高作物的产量,但过度施用化肥会对环境造成严重的污染;施用传统有机肥能够减少环境的污染,但其营养不足、质量不稳定、起效慢等缺点决定了它不能满足作物生长的需求。有机肥小分子化产品(小分子有机肥,下同)是一种含有多类小分子有机物的肥料,其能被作物根系直接吸收,提高土壤肥力和土壤微生物活性;此外,其也能和化肥化学键合,从而实现提高化肥利用效率、化肥减施和农业提质增效的目的。为了研究克服了化肥和有机肥的不足的小分子有机肥,归纳了小分子有机肥的种类,阐述其在不同作物上的施用效果以及对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落变化的影响,探讨了小分子有机肥的主要生产工艺、存在的问题和未来的发展方向。Applying chemical fertilizers can increase the yield of crops,but excessive application of chemical fertilizers will cause serious pollution to the environment.The application of traditional organic fertilizer can reduce environmental pollution,but its shortcomings such as insufficient nutrition,unstable quality and slow effectiveness determine that it cannot meet the needs of crop growth.Organic fertilizer small molecule products(small molecule organic fertilizer)is a kind of fertilizer containing multiple types of small molecule organic matter,which can be directly absorbed by crop roots,improving the soil fertility,and soil microbial activity.In addition,it can also chemically bond with fertilizers to achieve the goals of improving fertilizer utilization efficiency,reducing fertilizer application,and improving agricultural quality and efficiency.To study small molecule organic fertilizers that overcome the shortcomings of fertilizers and organic fertilizers,the types of small molecule organic fertilizers were summarized,and its application effects on different crops and its impact on soil physicochemical properties and changes in soil microbial community production processes,existing problems,and future development directions of small molecule organic fertilizers were discussed.

关 键 词：有机肥 有机肥小分子化 生产工艺 新型肥料 土壤微生物活性 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]