不同奶牛粪水还田量对苜蓿生长及土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Different Amounts of Cow Manure Returning to Field on Alfalfa Growth,Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

作　　者：刘青松 贾艳丽 徐玉鹏[1] 肖宇[1] 刘桂霞[2] 滕霄 屈新月 李洪波 阎旭东[1] LIU Qingsong;JIA Yanli;XU Yupeng;XIAO Yu;LIU Guixia;TENG Xiao;QU Xinyue;LI Hongbo;YAN Xudong;无(Cangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Cangzhou,Hebei 061001;College of Life Science,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002;Science and Education Division of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Department of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050000)

机构地区：[1]沧州市农林科学院,河北沧州061001 [2]河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定071002 [3]河北省农业农村厅科教处,石家庄050000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第15期159-164,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河北现代农业产业技术体系草业创新团队“栽培与信息化管理技术岗研究”(HBCT2023160203)。

摘　　要：为探讨规模化奶牛养殖场粪水还田对苜蓿生长及土壤理化性质的影响,本研究设计了5种(0、150、300、450、600 m^(3)/hm^(2))经固液分离发酵后的奶牛粪水还田量的试验。通过测定不同还田量下的苜蓿产量、品质、土壤养分含量及重金属含量变化,结果表明:粪水还田能显著提高苜蓿干草产量,随着还田量的增加,产量增加显著,600 m^(3)/hm^(2)的处理下苜蓿全年干草产量达到19369.0 kg/hm^(2);施用粪水不会降低苜蓿的粗蛋白和相对饲喂价值;粪水还田会显著增加土壤的pH和含盐量,同时会提高土壤有机质含量,在全年不施肥的条件下,各处理土壤中有效氮、速效磷和有效钾均表现为下降水平,随着粪水还田量的增加,下降幅度越小,仅靠粪水还田不能满足全年的苜蓿生长需要,应结合施肥效果更佳。粪水还田会增加土壤中铜、镉、砷、铅、铬等重金属的含量,各重金属含量均以600 m^(3)/hm^(2)的水平下增加最大。综合考虑,建议奶牛粪水还田量控制在300~450 m^(3)/hm^(2)范围内,以实现对苜蓿产量和土壤质量的双重改善。To clarify the effect of returning manure and water from large-scale dairy farms on the growth of alfalfa and the physical and chemical properties of soil,5 amounts of cow manure water of 0,150,300,450 and 600 m^(3)/hm^(2) returning to the field after solid-liquid separation and fermentation were set in this experiment.By measuring the changes in alfalfa yield,quality,soil nutrient content and heavy metal content under different treatments,the results showed that returning manure to the field could significantly increase the hay yield of alfalfa.With the increasing in the amount returned to the field,the yield increased significantly,under the treatment of 600 m^(3)/hm^(2),the annual hay yield of alfalfa reached 19369.0 kg/hm^(2);the application of manure water could not reduce the crude protein and relative feeding value of alfalfa;the return of manure water to the field could significantly increase the pH and salt content of the soil,and it could increase the soil organic matter content.Under the condition of no fertilization throughout the year,the available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the treated soil all showed a decline.Returning manure water to the field could not meet the annual growth needs of alfalfa,and it should be combined with fertilization for better results.The return of manure water to the field would increase the content of heavy metals such as copper,cadmium,arsenic,lead,and chromium in the soil,and the content of each heavy metal would increase the most at the level of 600 m^(3)/hm^(2).In general,the amount of cow manure water returning to the field should be controlled within the range of 300-450 m^(3)/hm^(2) to achieve double improvement of alfalfa yield and soil quality.

关 键 词：粪水 苜蓿 产量 品质 土壤 理化性质 还田 重金属 

分 类 号：S8[农业科学—畜牧兽医]