平台数据垄断规制中“必要设施原则”的合理适用  

On the Application of the Principle of Necessary Facilities in the Regulation of Platform Data Monopoly

作　　者：张金艳[1,2] 朱浩楠 ZHANG Jin-yan;ZHU Hao-nan(Law School,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Intellectual Property School,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院法学院,河南郑州450000 [2]中原工学院知识产权学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《海南开放大学学报》2024年第2期113-122,共10页Journal of Hainan Open University

基　　金：2023年河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目“短视频平台算法权力异化的法律规制研究”的阶段性成果(项目编号:2023BFX026)。

摘　　要：数字经济作为支撑新质生产力发展的重要经济模式,其高速发展使得数据资源成为平台企业重要的竞争要素,并逐渐成为其在市场竞争中赢者通吃的核心竞争力。但数据成为平台企业核心竞争资源的同时也带来了数据垄断的风险。平台企业为了自身竞争优势从而拒绝数据抓取、拒绝数据交易,不仅不利于数据流通,更破坏了竞争秩序、抑制了市场竞争活力。由此,发端于美国的“必要设施原则”能否在平台数据垄断中适用,成为当下平台数字经济领域关注与探讨的焦点。论证数据资源的核心化、平台市场的无界化、寡头垄断的凸显化以及数据的特性说明将“必要设施原则”适用于平台数据垄断规制中的必要性与合理性;数据权属、数据安全、数据成本,以及竞争关系、必要数据、垄断控制、共享可行等四个要件则是有效防止该原则滥用的必要考量因素。As an important economic model supporting the development of new quality productivity,the rapid development of digital economy makes data resources become an important competitive factor of platform enterprises,and gradually become their winner-takes-allcore competitiveness in market competition.However,when data becomes the core competitive resource of platform enterprises,it also brings the risk of data monopoly.Platform enterprises refuse to capture data and refuse data transactions for their own competitive advantages,which is not only conducive to the circulation of data,but also damages the order of competition andinhibits the vitality of market competition.Therefore,whether the"necessary facilities principle"originated in the United States can be applied to the platform data monopoly has become the focus of attention and discussion in the field of platform digital economy.The core of data resources,the unbounded platform market,the prominence of oligopoly and the characteristics of data explain the necessity and rationality of applying the"necessary facilities principle"to the platform data monopoly regulation;Data ownership,data security,data cost,competition,necessary data,monopoly control,and sharing feasibility are the necessary factors to effectivelyprevent the abuse of this principle.

关 键 词：平台 数据 垄断 必要设施原则 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]