洱海鱼类多样性  

Diversity of Fish in Erhai Lake

作　　者：钟传艳 李钢 褚维乐 沈剑 封吉猛 龙晓文 Zhong Chuanyan;Li Gang;Chu Weile;Shen Jian;Feng Jimeng;Long Xiaowen(College of Agriculture and Biology Science,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671003,China;Team for Aquatic Ecology in Erhai Lake Watershed,Dali,Yunnan 671003,China;Yunnan Dail Research institute,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Co-Innovation Center for Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake Integrated Protection and Green Development of Yunnan Province,Dali,Yunnan 671003,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学农学与生物科学学院,云南大理671003 [2]洱海流域水生态团队,云南大理671003 [3]上海交通大学云南(大理)研究院,云南大理671000 [4]云南洱海湖泊生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,云南大理671000 [5]苍山洱海一体化保护与流域绿色发展云南省高校协同创新中心,云南大理671003

出　　处：《大理大学学报》2024年第6期108-114,共7页Journal of Dali University

基　　金：苍山洱海国家级自然保护区管理局项目(dlzb2020-14,dlzb2020-61);云南洱海湖泊生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站种子课题项目(2022ZZ04);云南长江水生态环境保护研究子课题项目(KY2326143540)。

摘　　要：通过查阅20世纪50年代以来洱海鱼类相关文献资料,结合2022年洱海鱼类实地采样和走访调查,对洱海鱼类历史区系变化及现状进行分析。截至2022年,洱海共记录鱼类54种,分属于7目14科31属,其中土著种20种,特有土著种9种,国家二级保护动物1种:大理裂腹鱼Schizothorax taliensis。2022年洱海鱼类调查共发现鱼类23种,分属于4目9科,其中鲤科鱼类占鱼类物种总数的60.87%,其他鱼类占39.13%,包括鳅科、塘鳢科、鰕虎鱼科、鳢科、银鱼科、胡瓜鱼科、鲿科及鲇科,优势种为子陵吻鰕虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus、■Hemiculter leucisculus、黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco和西太公鱼Hypomesus nipponensis;调查发现草金鱼Carassius auratus red var为洱海新记录物种。洱海鱼类群落组成表现为土著种种群数量减少,外来种逐渐增多,经济型鱼类和小型鱼类为当前优势种。The historical fauna changes and current situation of fish in Erhai lake was analyzed by reviewing the literature about Erhai fish since the 1950s,and combining the field sampling surveys and the visiting surveys in 2022.There were 54 species of fish recorded in the Erhai lake,belonging to 7 orders,14 families and 31 genera,including 20 species of indigenous fish,9 species of endemic indigenous species and 1 species of national second-class protected animal(Schizothorax taliensis)by 2022.A total of 23 species of fish were found in the 2022 Erhai lake fish survey,belonging to 4 orders and 9 families,including Cyprinidae accounting for 60.87% of the total number of fish species,other fish accounted for 39.13%,including Cobitidae,Eleotridae,Gobiieae,Channidae,Salangidae,Osmeridae,Bagridae,and Siluridae.Rhinogobius giurinus,Hemiculter leucisculus,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Hypomesus nipponensis were the dominant species in Erhai lake.The survey found Carassius auratus red var to be a newly recorded species in the Erhai Lake.The composition of the fish community in the Erhai lake showed a significant decrease in the number of indigenous species,a gradual increase in the number of invasive species and their dominance,with economic fish and small fish as the current dominant species.

关 键 词：洱海 鱼类 外来种 土著种 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]