不利天气条件下机场应急救援能力评估研究  

Assessment on Airport Emergency Rescue Capability Under Adverse Weather Conditions

作　　者：薛广灿 梁文娟 XUE Guangcan;LIANG Wenjuan(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《安全》2024年第5期7-15,共9页Safety & Security

摘　　要：为评估机场在有风、低能见度等不利天气条件下的应急救援能力,以灭火时间和伤亡人数为评估指标,基于火灾面积和人员安全分析方法,利用仿真软件AnyLogic构建机场应急救援能力评估模型。结果表明:3种能见度条件下造成的重伤、死亡人数均高于最佳能见度条件;在低能见度环境下救援会有泡沫灭火剂施放中断和灭火失败的风险;机场消防响应时间控制在2min内对降低事故后果具有重要作用;3种风速条件下造成的重伤、死亡人数均高于无风条件;灭火时间随风速呈非线性变化。该仿真模型可快速推演出不同风速、能见度下的灭火时间和伤亡人数,仿真结果可为机场提供辅助决策支持。In order to assess the airport emergency rescue capability under unfavorable weather conditions,such as windy and low visibility,taking the fire extinguishing time and the number of casualties as the assessment indexes,and taking the fire area analysis method and the occupant safety analysis method as the theoretical methods,the AnyLogic simulation software was utilized to construct the assessment model of the airport emergency rescue capability.The results show that:the number of serious injuries and deaths under the three kinds of visibility conditions is higher than that under the best visibility conditions;there are risk that the foam extinguishing agent release interrupts and the fire extinguishing fails when the rescue is carried out under the surroundings of the low visibility;the airport firefighting response time no more than 2 minutes plays an important role in reducing the consequences of the accidents;the number of serious injuries and deaths under the three kinds of wind speeds is higher than that under the no-wind conditions;the firefighting time varies nonlinearly with wind speed.The simulation model can quickly deduce the fire extinguishing time and the number of casualties under different wind speeds and visibility,and the simulation results can provide assisted decision-making support for airports.

关 键 词：不利天气 机场应急救援 伤亡人数 灭火时间 仿真 

分 类 号：X949[环境科学与工程—安全科学]