油类火灾及低沸点油类火灾的研究进展  

Research Progress of Oil Fire and Low Boiling Point Oil Fire

作　　者：仲镜鸿 魏书冉 张存位 ZHONG Jinghong;WEI Shuran;ZHANG Cunwei(Chinese People's Police University Graduate Team 3,Langfang Hebei 065000,China;Rescue Command College,Chinese People's Police University,Langfang Hebei 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民警察大学研究生三队,河北廊坊065000 [2]中国人民警察大学救援指挥学院,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《安全》2024年第5期52-58,共7页Safety & Security

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20375503D)。

摘　　要：为实现对油类火灾,特别是低沸点油类火灾的高效扑救,本文基于现阶段对油类火灾、油类灭火剂的研究,首先,采用文献计量法和绘制科学知识图谱的方法,从Web of Science检索到746篇油罐火灾、油类灭火剂研究相关文献,从出版年、关键词共现、共引文献等方面对普通油类火灾进行分析;然后,检索选出32篇油类灭火剂相关文献进行分析;最后,从中提取到22篇低沸点油类火灾相关文献,以环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷和石油醚为代表,进行低沸点易燃液体研究现状分析。结果表明:关于油池火的研究较多,现阶段灭火剂的研究也多数为实验室规模油池火灾;油类灭火剂的研制趋于多样化,目前以泡沫灭火剂和干水灭火剂为主;对于低沸点油类火灾,现有研究表明难以使用市售普通灭火剂进行扑救,关于低沸点油品专用灭火剂的研究较少,急需研发一款可以扑灭绝大多数低沸点易燃液体火灾的灭火剂。In order to achieve an efficient extinguishing of oil fires,especially low boiling point oil fires,this paper,based on the current research on oil fires and oil fire extinguishing agents,uses bibliometric analysis and the method of drawing scientific knowledge maps to search for 746 relevant literature articles on oil tank fire and oil fire extinguishing agents from the Web of Science.The analysis of general oil fires is conducted from the perspectives of publication year,keyword co-occurrence,and co-cited literature,while 32 articles related to oil fire extinguishing agents are selected for further analysis.Finally,22 articles related to low-boiling point oil fires,represented by propylene oxide,ethylene oxide,and petroleum ether,are extracted for an analysis of the current status of research on low boiling point flammable liquids.The results show that there are more studies on oil pool fires,and most of the current extinguishing agent research is at the laboratory scale for oil pool fires.The development of oil fire extinguishing agents is becoming more diverse,with foam extinguishing agents and dry water extinguishing agents currently being the main types.For low boiling point oil fires,existing studies show that it is difficult to extinguish them using commercial off-the-shelf fire extinguishers,and research on low boiling point oil product-specific fire extinguishing agents is relatively rare.A fire extinguishing agent that can extinguish most low boiling point flammable liquids fire is urgently needed.

关 键 词：油类火灾 灭火剂 低沸点 知识图谱 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]