早年逆境和晚年社会经济资源对老年失能轨迹的影响  

The Impact of Childhood Adversity and Late-life Socioeconomic Resources on the Trajectory of Functional Impairment in Older Adults

作　　者：方博野 洪岩璧[3] 王有为 Fang Boye;Hong Yanbi;Wang Youwei(School of Sociology and Anthropology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275;School of Humanities,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189)

机构地区：[1]中山大学社会学与人类学学院社会学系,广州510275 [2]中山大学医学院医学人文学系,广州510275 [3]东南大学人文学院社会学系,南京211189

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2024年第6期70-83,158,共15页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：基于早年逆境的风险积累与阶层流动之跨时间动态调节作用的耦合效应,本文尝试阐释生命历程中健康不平等的形成机制。在实证设计上,通过整合中国健康与养老追踪调查多年度的数据,本文比较了“高起点向下流动”“低起点无明显流动”“高起点无明显流动”“低起点向上流动”四类不同生命历程老年人的失能轨迹。“时点-个人多层次混合效应模型”结果显示,首先,早年不利处境虽然提高了我国老年人失能的起点,然而随着时间推移,经历过更多逆境的老年人体现出明显的生存优势,失能速度更慢。其次,早年处于不利处境,但是在后续生命阶段实现了阶层跃升从而拥有更多社会经济资源的老年人,身体功能的初始水平更好,后续失能速度也更慢。上述结论说明,个体生命的演进轨迹并非遵循一成不变的规律,不同时间节点上的重要经历、生活变迁和阶层流动都可能影响个人健康生平的构建。这验证了健康不平等形成路径中的“社会相对论”假说,也回应了生命历程理论中关于时间性、时序性、能动性和可逆性的核心概念。Grounded upon the coupled effect of temporal adjustments stemming from the accumulation of risks due to early adversities and the fluidity of social strata,this study endeavors to explicate the mechanisms underpinning the genesis of health disparity within life courses.Methodologically,amalgamating data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study’s social surveys,this investigation juxtaposes the disability trajectories of distinct cohorts of elderly individuals characterized by“high inception with subsequent decline”“low inception devoid of marked fluctuation”“high inception sans significant fluctuation”and“low inception followed by upward mobility”.Findings from the“time-point-individual multilevel mixed-effects model”divulge,foremost,that while adverse early-life conditions elevate the onset of disability among China’s elderly populace,the passage of time demonstrates a pronounced survival advantage for those who have weathered more adverse circumstances,manifesting slower disability progression.Secondly,elderly individuals subject to disadvantageous early-life conditions but who achieved upward social mobility in subsequent life stages,thus possessing augmented socioeconomic resources,exhibit superior initial levels of physiological functionality and decelerated subsequent rates of disability.These conclusions underscore the non-linearity of an individual’s life trajectory,emphasizing the salience of pivotal experiences at various temporal junctures,life-altering transitions,and social mobility in shaping an individual’s health trajectory.Such findings authenticate the“social relativity”conjecture of the formation pathway of health inequality while aligning with the foundational tenets of temporality,sequencing,agency,and reversibility in life course theory.

关 键 词：早期逆境 社会经济资源 失能轨迹 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]