罗尔斯以契约论建构制度正义的普遍价值和意义  

Universal Value and Significance of Rawls’Constructing Institutional Justice with Social Contract Theory

作　　者：顾肃 Gu Su(The Advanced Research Institute of Social Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会科学高等研究院,上海200433 [2]南京大学哲学系

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2024年第6期97-103,159,共8页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：罗尔斯的《正义论》反映了当代西方社会运动提出的社会正义制度建构的深刻问题。他以原初状态下的原始契约来论证正义原则的合理性,并对功利主义作了深入的批判,从而复兴了规范性政治哲学。契约论是一种假想的前提,它作为一种解释手段,在理论阐述上成了论证自然权利、正义原则等基本政治法律观念的出发点,具有普遍性的品格。社群主义者批评正义的平等自由原则所适用的订约的个人是不受目标约束的自我,但自由民主主义者并没有把自我当作完全独立于目标的独来独往的自我,而是指出自我优先于目标,永远是自我与目标的关系中能动的方面。罗尔斯先验制度主义的进路深入阐述了正义制度的构成和建立,通过立法将其建立并付诸具体实施,显出其普适性的价值和意义。Ralws’A Theory of Justice reflects profound problems raised by contemporary Western social movements.He argues for legitimacy of principles of justice with original contract by people on original positions,so to revive normative political philosophy.The theory of contract is an imaginary premise,as an explanatory device,becomes a starting point arguing for fundamental political and legal conceptions,e.g.,natural rights,principles of justice,which has a character of universality.Communitarians criticize that individual who makes the contract applied by the principle of equal freedom is a self unrestrained by aim.But liberalists do not take the self as unencumbered self totally independent of aim,rather,the self is prior to aim,and is always the active dynamic side in the relationship between self and aim.Rawlsian priori institutionalist approach deeply expounds composition and construction of just institutions for its establishment by legislation and put into practice,which shows its universal value and significance.

关 键 词：罗尔斯 正义原则 社会契约论 制度主义 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]