罗尔斯是如何证明两个正义原则的?  

How Is John Rawls to Justify His Two Principles of Justice?

作　　者：姚大志[1] 罗翔 Yao Dazhi;Luo Xiang(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨哲学社会学院 [2]吉林大学哲学社会学院,长春130012

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2024年第6期104-112,159,160,共11页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：哲学家需要对自己的哲学理论给与证明,而证明是一件比提出理论更困难的事情。罗尔斯的正义理论对当代政治哲学产生了巨大影响,不仅在于他提出了著名的两个正义原则,而且还在于他对正义原则提供了有力证明。罗尔斯为其两个正义原则提供了两种性质完全不同的证明:在《正义论》中,他主要使用“原初状态”的观念来进行论证,这种证明强调两个正义原则的理想性,并且带有契约主义的性质;在《政治自由主义》中,他更依赖“重叠共识”的观念来提供论证,这种证明重视正义社会的稳定性和可行性,从而带有某种历史主义的性质。罗尔斯的证明不仅对其正义原则给与了有力支持,而且也对当代政治哲学的证明产生了重大影响。Philosophers need to justify their philosophical theory,but this justification is more difficult thing than advancing the theory.John Rawls makes a tremendous influence to contemporary political philosophy,because not only he proposes his two principles of justice,but also give the principles a forceful justification.John Rawls provides two different kinds of justifications for his two principles of justice:In A Theory of Justice,he uses the concept of“original position”to justify the principles of justice,which justification expresses the idealness of the principles and has a contractual nature;In Political Liberalism,he uses the concept of“overlapping consensus”to provide the justification,which focuses the stability and the feasibility of just society,and has some historical nature.John Rawls’justifications not only provides a forceful support for his two principles of justice,but also makes a huge influence to the justification of political philosophy.

关 键 词：罗尔斯 正义 政治哲学 契约主义 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]