机会主义是由具身认知向度导致的吗?——对等效原理若干科学史争论的新审视  

Opportunism Lies in Embodied Cognition Orientation?: Review of Historical Debates on Equivalence Principle

作　　者：孙圣 SUN Sheng(School of Philosophy,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学哲学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第4期115-122,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“模态反驳模式下的思想实验可靠问题研究”(23XZX003)。

摘　　要：爱因斯坦的科学哲学思想广泛地体现在狭义相对论、广义相对论、光电效应、“大统一”理论尝试之中。研究系统地梳理了几类对于等效原理的争论。与通常实验不同的是,爱因斯坦电梯实验的实验对象与检测仪器分别对应着实验者自身及其具身认知,实验结果则反过来用于对实验环境自由下落状态与所处时空特征加以判定。从具身认知推理得到的局域等效原理在认识论意义上不是系统的,而被指责为机会主义的。有效的争论方式,应通过科学史的方法,将问题从思想渊源、推理方式、发现过程、解释与理解等维度加以分析。尽管具身认知是爱因斯坦所特有的思维方式,但它并不是导致等效原理被指责为机会主义的真正原因。人们对过去和未来的标准不一,要求科学理论彻底避免机会主义倾向,是不可能的。The Special and General Theories of Relativity, the photoelectric effect and the attempts of Grand Unified Theories together imply Einstein's philosophy of science. This study explores debates over the equivalence principle for clues to that philosophy. Contrasted with common experiments, the experimental subject and detecting instrument of Einstein' elevator correspond to experimenter and embodied cognition respectively. In addition, the result of this thought experiment is used to determine a free-falling state of the experimental environment and to determine spatial-temporal features where the experimental environment is positioned. The reasoning process from embodied cognition to the local equivalence principle cannot be regarded as systematic in the sense of epistemology, instead of which, it is usually condemned as opportunism. I maintain that the most effective way of addressing this dispute is to take a historical approach, that is, to decompose problems into chunks comprised of ideological roots, reasoning methods, discovery processes, interpretations and understanding. Embodied cognition was Einstein's unique way of thinking, however, it is not what really lies behind the criticism that his approach is opportunistic. Different standards are used for past and future, while completely avoiding the opportunistic tendency of scientific theories is inconceivable.

关 键 词：等效原理 具身认知向度 机会主义认识论 科学技术史研究 思想实验 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]