内卷还是躺平?竞争压力如何影响心理补偿  

“Rat Race”or“Lying Flat”?The effect of competition stress on psychological compensation

作　　者：王汪帅 易颜熙 罗芷薇 厉杰 WANG Wangshuai;YI Yanxi;LUO Zhiwei;LI Jie(International Business School Suzhou,Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University,Suzhou 215028,China;Graduate School of Economics,Osaka University,Osaka 5600043,Japan)

机构地区：[1]西交利物浦大学国际商学院,江苏苏州215028 [2]大阪大学经济学研究科,日本大阪5600043

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第7期1057-1072,共16页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72302185)资助。

摘　　要：在竞争压力面前,人们选择了两种完全相反的策略,分别是内卷与躺平。为了解释这一看似矛盾的选择,本研究区分了竞争压力的维度属性,并基于心理补偿理论,探讨了个体在面对不同类型的竞争压力时的补偿策略。具体来说,竞争压力包括竞争结果压力与竞争过程压力两种。其中,竞争结果压力威胁到人们的自尊,进而促使其选择流动补偿策略,形成内卷效应。竞争过程压力则威胁个体的幸福感,促使其选择逃避补偿策略,形成躺平效应。研究发现将有效地补充竞争压力、心理补偿、自尊和幸福感领域的文献。In the crucible of competition stress,individuals have chosen two diametrically opposite compensation strategies,such that some have chosen“Rat Race”,while others have chosen“Lying Flat”.To illustrate this seemingly contradictory choice,this research distinguishes the dimensional attributes of competition stress.Based on the theory of psychological compensation,we then explore individuals’compensation strategies when faced with different types of competition stress.Specifically,competition stress is a multidimensional concept,including competition result stress and competition process stress.Among them,competition result stress threatens self-esteem,prompting fluid compensation,which is termed the“Rat Race”effect.In contrast,competition process stress menaces well-being,spurring escapism compensation,which is termed the“Lying Flat”effect.This research will effectively add to the literature on competition stress,psychological compensation,self-esteem,and well-being.

关 键 词：社会竞争 心理补偿 自尊 幸福感 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]