稻-虾共作模式下水体和土壤细菌群落特征研究  

Characteristics of bacterial communities in water and soil under rice-crayfish co-cropping pattern

作　　者：覃宝利 韩光明[1,2] 吴雷明 张家宏 王守红[1] 朱凌宇[1] 毕建花[1,2] 寇祥明[1,2] 葛恒来 陈选青[3] 唐金玉 QIN Baoli;HAN Guangming;WU Leiming;ZHANG Jiahong;WANG Shouhong;ZHU Lingyu;BI Jianhua;KOU Xiangming;GE Henglai;CHEN Xuanqing;TANG Jinyu(Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu,Yangzhou 225007,China;Jiangsu Research&Engineering Center for Ecological Agriculture,Yangzhou 225008,China;Yangzhou Yingu Circular Agriculture Development Company Limited,Yangzhou 225119,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 31002l,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007 [2]江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心,江苏扬州225008 [3]扬州银谷农业生态发展有限公司,江苏扬州225119 [4]浙江省农业科学院水生生物研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2024年第2期29-41,共13页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：江苏现代农业(克氏原螯虾)产业技术体系建设专项[JATS(2022)265];江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021336);江苏现代农业(水稻)产业技术体系建设专项[JATS(2022)278];江苏省级农业生态保护与资源利用专项[省级(2022)78];扬州市重点研发计划项目(YZ2023046、YZ2023244)。

摘　　要：为探究稻-虾共作模式对稻田水体、土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响,采用16S rDNA基因高通量测序技术对夏季稻-虾共作和水稻单作模式下稻田水体、土壤细菌群落组成及多样性进行比较。结果表明:与水稻单作相比,稻-虾共作模式水体细菌群落丰富度和多样性均呈上升趋势,土壤细菌群落丰富度变化不明显,但多样性有所下降,尤其9月显著下降。在细菌群落组成方面,稻-虾共作模式增加水体放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)相对丰度,降低变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和芽孢杆菌目(Bacillus)相对丰度,增加致病菌不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)的相对丰度;降低土壤放线菌门(Actinorny cetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)相对丰度,增加变形菌门、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)和Steroidobacterales目的相对丰度。功能预测分析发现,稻-虾共作模式下细菌碳水化合物代谢通路相对丰度在水体中呈上升趋势,在土壤中呈下降趋势。综上,稻-虾共作模式可改变水体、土壤细菌群落与功能,提高水体细菌群落的丰富度和多样性,降低土壤细菌群落的多样性。Microbial communities play an important role in maintaining the stability of agricultural ecosystems and promoting material circulation and energy flow. To explore the effects of rice-crayfish co-cropping pattern on the microbial community structure and diversity in water and soil in Lixiahe Region, Jiangsu province, 16S rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze and compare the composition and diversity of water and soil microbial communities under rice-crayfish co-cropping pattern and rice monocropping pattern in August and September. In this study, compared with rice mono-cropping, the richness and diversity of water bacterial community in co-cropping pattern had an increasing trend, while the richness of its soil bacterial community did not change significantly, but diversity had a decreasing trend, especially in September significantly. In terms of bacterial community composition, co-culture pattern increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and the pathogenic bacterium Acinetobacter of water,while decreased Firmicutes,Acidobacteria and Bacillus.The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Rhizobiales in soil of co-cropping pattern was lower than that in the monocropping pattern,both of Nitrospirae and Steroidobacterales had the opposite variation.The functional prediction analysis revealed that abundance of bacterial carbohydrate metabolism in the co-cropping mode increased in water and decreased in soil compared to those of the monocropping pattern.The results showed that the rice-shrimp co-cropping mode changed the bacterial community and function in water and soil,improved the richness and diversity of the bacterial community in water and decreased the diversity of the bacterial community in soil.

关 键 词：稻-虾共作 细菌群落 多样性 功能预测 

分 类 号：S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖] X182[农业科学—水产科学]