水氮一体化模式对设施辣椒产量和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of integrated water and nitrogen management on facility pepper yield and soil physical and chemical properties

作　　者：胡晨曦 杨剑婷 翟思龙 缪宏 祁建波[1,2] 陈学好 陈以博 张永泰[1] 张永吉[1,2] HU Chenxi;YANG Jianting;ZHAI Silong;MIAO Hong;QI Jianbo;CHEN Xuehao;CHEN Yibo;ZHANG Yongtai;ZHANG Yongji(Jiangsu Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yangzhou 225007,China;Yangzhou Nongke Agricultural Development Company Limited,Yangzhou 225007,China;Yangzhou Hanjiang District Agricultural Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center,Yangzhou 225100,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007 [2]扬州农科农业发展有限公司,江苏扬州225007 [3]扬州市邗江区农产品质量监督检测中心,江苏扬州225100 [4]扬州大学园艺园林学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2024年第2期51-60,共10页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021330);江苏省蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项[JATS(2023)246];江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所科研发展专项[SJ(22)111]。

摘　　要：为明确水氮一体化模式对不同品种辣椒栽培土壤理化性质的影响及其与产量的关系,采用二因素随机区组设计,设置2个品种处理(扬椒2号和扬椒5号)和2个水氮模式处理(传统水氮模式和水氮一体化模式),通过设施田间试验研究水氮一体化模式对辣椒生长、产量和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:与传统水氮模式(沟灌施氮)相比,水氮一体化模式(滴灌施氮)可提高辣椒初花期、盛花期、盛果期和成熟期株高、茎粗和叶面积,促进植株干物质积累,从而提高辣椒产量,扬椒2号产量的提高幅度(19.73%)大于扬椒5号(11.12%)。同时,水氮一体化模式可降低辣椒盛果期土壤容重(扬椒2号和扬椒5号分别降低6.62%和5.84%),提高土壤总孔隙度、含水量、铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量和pH值(扬椒2号和扬椒5号分别提高5.60%~10.81%和4.88%~8.56%),改善土壤理化性质,有利于提高辣椒产量。相关性和通径分析表明,辣椒产量与土壤容重呈显著负相关,与土壤总孔隙度、质量含水量、铵态氮含量和硝态氮含量呈显著正相关,其中土壤含水量和硝态氮含量分别是影响辣椒产量最重要的土壤理化性质。综上,水氮一体化模式通过改善土壤理化性质(主要提高土壤含水量和硝态氮含量)来促进植株生长,进而提高辣椒产量,且扬椒2号的提升效果大于扬椒5号。In order to clarify the effect of integrated water and nitrogen management on soil physical and chemical properties of different pepper cultivars and its relationship with yield,a two-factor randomized block design was used to set up two cultivars(Yangjiao 2 and Yangjiao 5)and two water and nitrogen management modes(conventional water and nitrogen management and integrated water and nitrogen management)to investigate the effects of integrated water and nitrogen management on pepper growth,yield and soil physical and chemical properties by facility field experiment.The results showed that compared with conventional water and nitrogen management(nitrogen application with furrow irrigation),integrated water and nitrogen management(nitrogen application with drip irrigation)increased the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of pepper at the initial flowering stage,full flowering stage,full fruiting stage and maturity stage to promote plant dry matter accumulation,resulted in increased pepper yield,and the yield increase of Yangjiao 2(19.73%)was higher than Yangjiao 5(11.12%).Meanwhile,integrated water and nitrogen management reduced soil bulk density(Yangjiao 2and Yangjiao 5decreased by 6.62%and 5.84%,respectively),increased soil total porosity,water content,ammonium nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content and pH(Yangjiao 2and Yangjiao 5increased by 5.60%~10.81%and 4.88%-8.56%,respectively),improved the soil physical and chemical properties,which was conducive to increase pepper yield.Correlation and path analysis showed that pepper yield was significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density,and significantly positively correlated with soil total porosity,water content,ammonium nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content.Among them,soil water content and nitrate nitrogen content were the most important properties affecting pepper yield.In conclusion,the integrated water and nitrogen management improves soil physical and chemical properties(mainly increase soil water content and nitrate nitrogen conten

关 键 词：设施辣椒 水氮一体化 生长 产量 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]