聚合物表面空间环境防护涂层热应力分析方法研究进展  

Thermal Stress Analysis Methods of Protective Coating on Polymer Surface for Space:A Review

作　　者：徐梦芸 张锦麟[1] 马佳玉 唐登航 许文彬 王亮 谷红宇[1,2] 章俞之[1,2] 宋力昕 XU Mengyun;ZHANG Jinlin;MA Jiayu;TANG Denghang;XU Wenbin;WANG Liang;GU Hongyu;ZHANG Yuzhi;SONG Lixin(Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS,Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200050,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shanghai Institute of Aerospace System Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China;Integrated Computational Materials Research Center,Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所特种无机涂层重点实验室,上海200050 [2]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049 [3]上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海201109 [4]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所集成计算材料研究中心,上海200050

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2024年第2期115-136,共22页China Surface Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51802332,U22B20128);中国科学院青年创新促进会人才项目(2022248);国防基础科研计划(JCKY2020130B006)。

摘　　要：柔性聚合物材料作为航天器表面用关键材料,易受到空间环境的协同损伤,在其表面制备防护涂层是实现长期服役的重要技术。但由于常用防护涂层与基体间的性能差异,涂层易因应力出现开裂和剥落,因此应力分析对于材料的设计和优化非常重要。对于涂层应力的分析方法,主要可以分为基于试验测量以及基于数值仿真的有限元分析方法两类。梳理目前常见的试验测量方法,分析有损法和无损法试验测量的应用,整理归纳基于数值仿真的有限元分析方法的原理以及相关应用,比较不同方法的优缺点,总结其局限性以及应用前景。不同应力测试分析方法在材料的服役寿命和失效形式预测中发挥了重要作用,但传统的机械有损测量方法难对应力情况进行实时监测,近年来发展起来的无损法也存在一定的应用局限性,有限元模拟具有实时、全面的应力测量优点,但是与实际涂层模型具有一定的差距。基于目前试验方法与有限元仿真各自的局限性,提出将有限元仿真与试验表征结合成为进一步指导涂层设计的有效方法,有望有效预测涂层失效机制,优化涂层材料制备工艺,开发具有低应力结构的涂层材料,为聚合物表面用关键涂层材料的轻量化发展和长期可靠服役提供技术支撑。Flexible polymer materials,which are key materials for spacecraft surfaces,are exposed to the synergistic erosion of ultraviolet(UV)irradiation,ionizing irradiation,and atomic oxygen in the space environment,resulting in material loss and functional failure.Therefore,to achieve long-term service,it is often necessary to prepare protective coatings on surfaces.For most coating materials,during processing,manufacturing,and use,owing to their brittleness,the coating often exhibits a local stress concentration due to temperature changes.With the continuous increase in thermal stress,cracking and spalling occur after exceeding the tensile strength limit,which has become a significant factor affecting performance.Therefore,the analysis of the thermal stress distribution is significant in the design and optimization of coatings.The analysis methods of thermal stress in coatings can be divided into two categories:experimental measurements and finite element analysis based on numerical simulations.Owing to the limitations of a single stress-testing method,limitations in the process of material stress analysis have not been addressed.Therefore,an increasing number of researchers have combined finite element simulations with experimental characterization.Finite element simulations can be used to analyze the theoretical stress distribution of materials under idealized conditions and further optimize the calculation parameters according to environmental conditions,gradually approaching the coating condition under real conditions.Moreover,measuring the actual stress distribution of a material through experiments and matching it with the calculated results effectively solves the problem of calculation reliability.The key factors influencing the material stress can also be effectively understood by analyzing the gap between the simulation and measured results.The combination of finite element simulations and experimental measurements has gradually become the most widely used method for analyzing the stress of coating materials.O

关 键 词：聚合物材料 空间环境防护涂层 热应力 应力分析方法 有限元模拟 

分 类 号：V259[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG174[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]