一种基于机器学习的零刚度隔振超材料设计及性能验证  

Design and performance validation of a zero-stiffness vibroisolating metamaterial based on machine learning

作　　者：赵哲 杨来侠[1] 吴玲玲[2] 田小永[2] 代鑫 ZHAO Zhe;YANG Laixia;WU Lingling;TIAN Xiaoyong;DAI Xin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing System Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学机械工程学院,西安710054 [2]西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2024年第5期2599-2608,共10页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52003203);国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3806101)。

摘　　要：准零刚度隔振器作为国内外主流的非线性隔振器,凭借其高静态刚度和低动态刚度力学特性,在机械工程领域应用较多,但近零刚度范围窄、后期组装繁琐等问题限制了其隔振的应用范围,通过结构设计使近零刚度范围增大,且能通过一体化成型技术快速制备方面的研究仍较稀缺。本文基于能量屏蔽理论设计了一种新型零刚度单元结构,通过将外界输入能量循环于超材料内部,从而屏蔽外界对隔振对象的能量输入,达到隔振效果。该研究首先设计出具有优化潜力的初始结构,然后使用机器学习与有限元分析结合的方法对初始结构进行优化,自动搜索出最优的超材料结构参数,且最优结构满足零刚度性能设计要求,之后使用3D打印对最优结构单元及2×2阵列结构进行一体化制造。并对样件进行静态实验验证,实验结果表明:在静态压缩过程中,该结构的等效刚度在大范围内近似于0。又对阵列结构进行动态振动实验,结果得出,阵列结构在23 mm振幅下0.1~100 Hz范围内,9.2 kg载荷隔振性能最优,最小传递率可达-61 dB,载荷越接近9.2 kg隔振性能越好。该结构具有结构简单、一体化成型等优势,可应用于列车座椅、康复医疗设备、精密仪器保护及微重力环境等领域下的隔振。The quasi-zero stiffness isolator,as a mainstream nonlinear isolator both domestically and inter-nationally,was widely applied in the field of mechanical engineering due to its high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness mechanical characteristics.However,limitations such as a narrow range of quasi-zero stiffness,complicated post-assembly procedures,etc.,had restricted its application scope in vibration isolation.Through structural design,the range of quasi-zero stiffness could be expanded,and research on rapid preparation through integrated molding technology was still relatively scarce.In that study,a novel zero stiffness unit structure was designed based on the theory of energy shielding.By circulating external input energy within the metamaterial,the energy input from the external environment to the isolated object was shielded,thus achieving the isolation effect.The research first designed an initial structure with optimization potential,then used a combination of machine learning and finite element analysis to optimize the initial structure,automatically searching for the optimal para-meters of the metamaterial structure.The optimal structure met the requirements of zero stiffness performance design.Subsequently,3D printing was employed to manufacture the optimal structural unit and a 2x2 array structure in an integrated manner.Static experiments were conducted on the samples for validation.The experimental results show that the equivalent stiffness of this structure approximates zero over a wide range during static compression.Dynamic vibration experiments were also conducted on the array structure.The results reveal that within the range of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz and under a 23 mm amplitude,the array structure exhibites its best isolation performance with a 9.2 kg load,achieving a minimum transmissibility of up to-61 dB.The closer the load is to 9.2 kg,the better the isolation performance.This structure offers advantages such as simplicity in design,integrated molding,etc.,and can be applied in vibration is

关 键 词：超材料 机器学习 零刚度 隔振结构 3D打印 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]