车身零件铝合金焊接变形分析及控制方法  

Analysis and control method of welding deformation of aluminum alloy of body parts

作　　者：袁雪松[1] Yuan Xuesong(Jiangling Motors Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江铃汽车股份有限公司,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《汽车知识》2024年第5期205-207,共3页Auto Know

摘　　要：本文对车身零件铝合金焊接变形问题展开分析和讨论。首先,介绍了铝合金的物理及化学特性,这些特性决定了铝合金在焊接过程中容易发生变形。其次,概述了常用的铝合金焊接技术,如气体钨弧焊(TIG)、金属情性气体焊(MIG)和激光焊接,并指出热输入控制和气体保护的重要性;分析了焊接变形成因,即热输入、焊接速度、冷却速度、焊缝位置和焊接顺序等因素共同影响着变形的产生。针对这些因素,本文提出了一系列的变形控制策略,包括合理选材和预处理、优化焊接设计、精确控制热输入、使用支撑夹具、合理规划焊接顺序和路径等。最后,讨论了焊后热处理和机械矫正等方法在消除残余应力、恢复焊件形状方面的应用。This paper analyzes and discusses the welding deformation of aluminum alloy,and introduces the physical and chemical properties of aluminum alloy,which determine that aluminum alloy is prone to deformation during the welding process.At the same time,the article provides an overview of commonly used aluminum alloy welding techniques,such as gas tungsten arc welding(TIG),metal inert gas welding(MIG),and laser welding,and points out the importance of heat input control and gas protection.When analyzing the causes of welding deformation,it is pointed out that factors such as heat input,welding speed,cooling rate,weld position and welding sequence affect the generation of deformation.In view of these factors,a series of deformation control strategies are proposed,including reasonable material selection and pretreatment,optimization of welding design,precise control of heat input,use of support fixtures,reasonable planning of welding sequence and path,etc.,and finally,the application of post-weld heat treatment and mechanical correction in eliminating residual stress and restoring the shape of weldments is discussed.

关 键 词：铝合金 焊接变形 热输入 焊后处理 

分 类 号：U466[机械工程—车辆工程]