正负气压组合滚轮式油菜精密排种器设计与试验  

Design and Test of Positive and Negative Pressure Combination Roller Type Precision Seed-metering Device for Rapeseed

作　　者：廖宜涛[1,2] 刘嘉诚 廖庆喜 郑娟[1] 李甜 蒋杉 LIAO Yitao;LIU Jiacheng;LIAO Qingxi;ZHENG Juan;LI Tian;JIANG Shan(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第5期63-76,共14页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000403);国家自然科学基金项目(51975238);湖南省智能农机装备创新研发项目(HN202308);国家油菜产业技术体系专项(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：针对油菜种子粒径小、质量轻,单粒排种难度较大的问题,设计了一种正负气压组合滚轮式精密排种器。阐明了排种器工作原理,开展排种器吸种、携种和卸种环节受力分析和排种滚轮对种群拖带过程解析;提出了通过控制充种区种层高度和种群压力的防拖带堆积机理,设计了一种侧向充种、拖带种子自由回落的充种室结构,利用离散元仿真研究了充种种层高度和充种室结构对排种器充种区内充种性能的影响及对种群拖带堆积的解决情况;仿真结果表明,排种器内种子随着充种种层高度的增大,种群平均动能均值逐渐增大,对种群平均扰动能力逐渐增强;在充种种层高度50 mm条件下,设计的防拖带堆积充种室降低了充种区域底部种群所受的压力,未出现种群拖带堆积现象,且保持了对充种区域种群的扰动作用。在JPS-12型排种器检测试验台上进行了排种器性能试验,结果表明,当排种转速为15~30 r/min、吸种负压为1.0~1.2 kPa时,排种器合格指数均保持在90%以上;设计装配正负气压组合滚轮式精密排种器的播种机开展播种试验,田间实测出苗后株距稳定性变异系数为4.4%,各行苗数一致性变异系数为8.14%;研究结果表明设计的排种器满足精密播种要求。Considering at the problem of small particle size and light quality of rapeseed,which makes it difficult to displace individual seeds,a positive and negative pressure combination roller type precision seed-metering device was designed.The working principle of the seed-metering device was clarified,and the force analysis of the seed absorbing,seed carrying and seed discharging links of the seed-metering device was carried out,as well as the analysis of the dragging process of the seed discharging roller on the seed population.The mechanism of preventing dragging accumulation by controlling the height of the seed layer in the seed filling area and the pressure of the seed population was proposed,and a seed filling chamber structure with lateral seed filling and free fall of the dragging seed was designed.The influence of the height of the seed layer and the structure of the seed filling chamber on the performance of the seed filling in the seed filling area of the seed-metering device and the solution of the dragging accumulation of the seed population were investigated by using the discrete element simulation.The simulation results showed that the average kinetic energy of the seed population inside the seed dispenser was increased with the increase of the filling seed layer height,and the average disturbance capacity of the seed population was gradually increased.Under the condition of 50 mm seed filling layer height,the designed anti-drag strip accumulation seed filling chamber reduced the pressure on the seed population at the bottom of the seed filling area,and the phenomenon of population drag strip accumulation did not occur,and the disturbing effect on the seed population in the seed filling area was maintained.Seed metering tests were conducted on the JPS 12 seed-metering device inspection test bench,the test results showed that in the roller speed at 15~30 r/min,suction seed negative pressure in the range of 1.0~1.2 kPa seed-metering device qualified index could reach more than 90%.The results of the fiel

关 键 词：油菜 精密排种器 正负气压组合 滚轮式 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]