分层近根式液体粪肥施肥铲设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Layered Near-root Liquid Manure Fertilization Shovel

作　　者：程红胜 张泽涵 沈玉君 丁京涛 孟海波 周海宾 王娟 徐鹏翔 CHENG Hongsheng;ZHANG Zehan;SHEN Yujun;DING Jingtao;MENG Haibo;ZHOU Haibin;WANG Juan;XU Pengxiang(Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection,Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京100125 [2]农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室,北京100125

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第5期98-107,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：中国科学院战略先导技术专项(XDA28130202)。

摘　　要：针对当前液体粪肥施肥铲存在的施肥不均匀、近根施肥难、作业功能单一等问题,从提高肥效、降低排放、提升性能角度出发,设计了一种分层近根、基施追施一体的液体粪肥施肥铲,设计了施肥器和避障器等关键部件,采用EDEM离散元法构建施肥铲-土壤力学仿真模型,优化追施过程施肥铲侧向排肥管参数,搭建施肥铲性能测试平台,采用清水模拟方式,开展了施肥铲分层施肥和近根施肥效果试验,结果表明:当施肥铲侧向排肥管后倾角为15°、侧向排肥管刃角为18°时,施肥铲基肥作业阻力最小;采用分层施肥方式时,当施肥铲作业速度为3 km/h、排肥量为5 L/s时,肥料在土壤中纵向扩散深度为235 mm,较改进前单口排肥方式,纵向覆盖范围提升65%;采用近根施肥模式时,当施肥铲作业速度为1.2 km/h、排肥量为3 L/s时,约80%的肥料分布在距作物根部中心100 mm半径范围内,较好地实现了近根施肥。In response to the current issues of the uneven application,difficulty in near-root application,limited operational functionality in liquid manure fertilizer shovel,a layered near-root and basic application of the liquid manure fertilizer shovel tracking the integration of the fertilizer was designed from the perspective of improving fertilizer efficiency,reducing emissions,and improving the performance.Fertilizer,obstacle avoidance device and other key components were developed.The fertilizer shovel soil mechanics simulation model was designed by using EDEM discrete elements to optimize the parameters of the lateral discharge pipe of the fertilizer shovel during the follow-up application process,and to build the performance test platform of the fertilizer shovel.Fertilizer shovel layered fertilization and the effect of near-root fertilization were tested by clear water simulation method.The results showed that when the backward inclination angle of the lateral discharge pipe of the fertilizer shovel was 15°,and the cutting edge angle of the lateral discharge pipe was 18°,the resistance of fertilizer shovel basal fertilizer operation was the minimal.With the layered fertilizer application,when the operating speed of the fertilizer shovel was 3 km/h and the discharge volume was 5 L/s,the longitudinal spreading depth of the fertilizer in the soil was 235 mm,which was 65% higher than that of the pre-improvement single-port fertilizer discharge method.When the fertilizer shovel was operated at a speed of 1.2 km/h and a discharge rate of 3 L/s,the fertilizer was distributed within a radius of 100 mm from the center of the crop root by about 80%effectively achieving near-root fertilization.

关 键 词：液体粪肥 施肥铲 分层施肥 近根施肥 

分 类 号：S224.22[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S220.3[农业科学—农业工程]