滇西南29年生柚木种源/家系多性状综合选择  

Comprehensive Selection of 29-year-old for Provenances/Families of Teak(Tectona grandis Linn.f.)in Southwestern Yunnan

作　　者：梁坤南[1] 张荣贵 黄桂华[1] 楚永兴 王先棒 石文革 LIANG Kun-nan;ZHANG Rong-gui;HUANG Gui-hua;CHU Yong-xing;WANG Xian-bang;SHI Wen-ge(Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Research,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Guangzhou 510520,Guangdong,China;Institute of Forestry and Grassland Science of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Mengzi 661199,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,热带林业研究国家林业和草原局重点实验室,广东广州510520 [2]云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州林业和草原科学研究所,云南蒙自661199

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2024年第3期1-12,共12页Forest Research

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目课题(2016YFD0600602)。

摘　　要：[目的]通过对滇西南柚木种源/家系试验林早期与29年生的适应性、生长和形质性状进行综合评价,旨在为当地选出适应性强、速生、形质优良的柚木种源/家系。[方法]从国内外收集了34个柚木种源和家系,采用完全随机区组设计,(2×2)株小区,8次重复,调查、分析和比较试验林早期2~8年生与29年生的保存率和生长差异,对29年生种源/家系的保存率和优势木生长与形质性状采用主分量分析,综合评价出优良种源/家系。[结果]早期2~8年生柚木种源/家系间的保存率差异均不显著,而29年生保存率种源/家系间差异呈极显著;但2~8年生和29年生种源/家系间生长和形质性状的差异均达到极显著,2~8年生最好种源/家系的平均树高、平均胸径和平均单株材积分别是生长最差的1.38~1.91倍、1.63~2.18倍和3.82~5.17倍,而29年生最好种源优势木的平均树高、平均胸径、平均单株材积、树干通直度和主干材高分别是最差种源的1.81倍、1.87倍、4.84倍、2.18倍和12.89倍,通过优良种源/家系选择可获得较大的增产效益。29年生种源/家系的保存率和优势木生长性状与4~8年生优势木的生长性状均呈显著至极显著相关;29年生种源/家系的优势木树干通直度与优势木各生长性状、优势木主干材高与优势木的平均树高和单株材积生长相关显著至极显著。29年生种源/家系保存率、生长和形质性状主成分分析的前三个主分量累积贡献率达97.63%,根据种源/家系在前三个主分量的综合得分,按20%的入选率评选出7个优良种源/家系:种源8410、8603、8407、8602、85131、1007和家系7564#。[结论]29年生入选的7个种源/家系的优势木树高、胸径、单株材积、树干通直度和主干材高的遗传增益分别为7.92%、9.39%、14.74%、7.06%和12.29%,其中来自云南陇川林场种源8410和海南尖峰岭种源8603更适宜当地生长。[Objective]Through the comprehensive evaluation of the adaptability,growth and form quality traits of teak(Tectona grandis Linn.f.)forests(provenance/family)of early and 29-year-old established in southwestern Yunnan,the purpose is to select the superior provenances/families of teak with strong ad-aptability,fast growth and excellent form quality for the local region.[Method]Thirty-four provenances and families of teak were collected from China and abroad.Using a completely random block design with(2×2)plant plots and 8 replicates to establish trial plantation,the conservation rate and growth difference of the early 2-8 year old and 29-year old trees were investigated,analyzed and compared.The conservation rate,the growth and quality traits of dominant trees of 29-year old provenances/families were analyzed by principal component analysis,and excellent provenances/families were evaluated comprehensively.[Result]There was no significant difference in the preservation rate between the 2-8-year-old teak proven-ances/families in the early stage,while the difference in the preservation rate between the 29-year-old provenances/families was extremely significant.However,the differences in growths and quality traits between 2-8-year-old or 29-year-old provenances/families were extremely significant.The average tree height,average DBH and average tree volume of 2-8-year-old best provenances/families were 1.38-1.91 times,1.63-2.18 times and 3.82-5.17 times of the worst growing ones,respectively.The average tree height,average DBH,average tree volume,stem straightness and trunk height of 29-year-old dominant trees from the best provenances were 1.84 times,1.87 times,4.84 times,2.18 times and 12.89 times of those from the worst provenances,respectively.Greater yield-increasing benefits can be obtained through the selection of excellent provenance/family.The preservation rate and growth traits of dominant trees of 29-year-old provenances/families were significantly correlated with the growth traits of 4-8-year-old domin-ant

关 键 词：柚木 种源/家系 适应性 生长和形质性状 多性状综合选择 

分 类 号：S722.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]