我国宪法上“人权条款”的规范效力  

The Normative Effect of the"Human Rights Clause"in China's Constitution

作　　者：韩大元[1] 肖峻峰 HAN Da-yuan;XIAO Jun-feng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2024年第3期6-24,共19页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：中国人民大学重大项目“中国人权思想史”(20XNLG02)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宪法上“人权条款”作为原则与规范,一方面可以作为强化基本权利保障的解释基准,发挥着约束公权力的功能,另一方面为普遍人权观念进入宪法规范体系提供衔接点。“人权条款”的规范效力是自身规范属性的集中体现,其中包含着应然效力与社会实效。对“人权条款”而言,需借助规范文本之外的素材论证其效力根基,基础规范理论的运用使这种从实然转向应然的跨越成为可能。“人权条款”实施二十年来,不仅推进了中国人权事业的发展,同时塑造了人权文化,使尊重和保障人权成为公权力运行的基本准则,凝聚了基于人权保障的宪法共识。就规范效力的保障机制而言,国家人权保障体系的强化和宪法监督机制的完善,有助于完善“人权条款”规范效力的实现机制。As principles and norms,the"human rights clause"in the Constitution can be used as a benchmark for interpretation to strengthen the protection of basic rights,and play the function of restraining public power on the one hand.On the other hand,it provides a connection point for the concept of universal human rights to enter the constitutional normative system.The normative effect of the"human rights clause"is a concentrated embodiment of its own normative attributes,including its natural effect and social effectiveness.In the case of human rights clause,it is necessary to use materials other than normative texts to demonstrate the basis of their effectiveness,and the application of basic normative theories makes it possible to make such a leap from what is to what should be.Over the past 20 years,since the implementation of the human rights clause,it has not only promoted the development of Chinese's human rights cause,but also shaped the human rights culture,made respect and protection of human rights the basic norm for the operation of public power,and condensed a constitutional consensus based on human rights protection.As far as the mechanism for guaranteeing the effectiveness of norms is concerned,the strengthening of the national human rights protection system and the improvement of the constitutional supervision mechanism will help improve the mechanism for realizing the normative effectiveness of the"human rights clause".

关 键 词：人权条款 宪法原则 基础规范 宪法共识 备案审查 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]