强制婚检与婚姻自由的宪法保障  

The System of Compulsory Premarital Medical Examination and the Constitutional Protection of Freedom of Marriage

作　　者：杜强强[1] DU Qiang-qiang

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学政法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2024年第3期25-37,共13页Northern Legal Science

摘　　要：强制婚检与疾病婚禁婚制度有着密切的制度关联。在我国婚姻立法禁止患有特定疾病者结婚的前提下,法律将婚检设定为婚姻登记的前提条件有其合理性。但疾病婚禁婚制度对当事人婚姻自由的干预逾越了必要的限度,《民法典》将疾病婚禁婚改为可申请撤销,这是在当事人的婚姻自由与家庭成员之间的健康利益之间维持了一个适当的平衡,因此符合宪法。在《民法典》不再将患有特定疾病作为禁婚对象的条件下,强制婚检制度就有必要随之改革。此外,可撤销婚姻制度也有助于推动公民在婚前积极进行婚检,因此没有必要恢复强制婚检。Compulsory premarital medical examination is closely related to the system of marriage prohibition due to disease.Under the premise that China's marriage legislation prohibits the marriage of persons with specific diseases,it is reasonable for the law to set premarital medical examination as a prerequisite for marriage registration.However,the prohibition of marriage due to illness exceeds the necessary limit for the intervention of the parties in their freedom to marry,and the Civil Code changes the prohibition of marriage in illness to the possibility of applying for revocation,which maintains an appropriate balance between the parties'freedom of marriage and the health interests of family members,and is therefore constitutional.Under the condition that the Civil Code no longer prohibits marriage with specific diseases,it is necessary to reform the compulsory premarital medical examination system.In addition,the institution of revocable marriages also helps to encourage citizens to actively carry out premarital medical examination,so there is no need to reinstate.

关 键 词：强制婚检 可撤销婚姻 无效婚姻 婚姻自由 理性人预设 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]