轻罪时代裁量不起诉的功能困境与体系重塑  

The Functional Dilemma and System Reshaping of Discretionary Non-Prosecution in the Era of Minor Offenses

作　　者：蒋娜[1] 张印 JIANG Na;ZHANG Yin

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2024年第3期112-127,共16页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：2023年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究一般课题“帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪治理问题研究”(GJ2023C18);2023年北京师范大学博一学科交叉基金项目(BNUXKJC2312)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：轻罪时代程序出罪的优化端赖于裁量不起诉的效能激活。裁量不起诉的理论基础在于起诉便宜主义,具有提升诉讼效率、节约诉讼资源、实现教育矫正目的等独特优势,但同时蕴含着自由裁量权的滥用风险。2014-2023年实证数据表明,裁量不起诉整体适用率和占不起诉比率呈现“双提升”态势,但仍未摆脱“圆柱体”起诉格局,且存在附条件不起诉适用悖论、裁量不起诉内部关系含混等困境,其成因在于教义学之孱弱和配套环境之制约。应从本体论、关系论和系统论三重维度重塑裁量不起诉体系。酌定不起诉应摆脱对实体法的形式依赖并引入需罚性判断,附条件不起诉应取消主体范围限制。应将实现法益恢复所需的考察方式和时限作为区分不起诉类型的依据,并引入合作共治理念和多元主体参与,实现裁量不起诉的环境优化和监督制约。由此,裁量不起诉的困境得以破解,对于实现中国式轻罪治理现代化具有重要意义。The optimization of the procedure for excluding offences in the era of misdemeanors depends on the effectiveness of discretionary non-prosecution.The theoretical basis of discretionary non-prosecution lies in the principle of prosecution expediency,which has unique advantages such as improving litigation efficiency,saving litigation resources,and achieving educational correction purposes.However,it also carries the risk of abuse of discretionary power.Empirical data from 2014 to 2023 shows that the overall application rate and proportion of non-prosecution for discretionary non-prosecution have shown a"double-improvement"trend,but it has not yet escaped the"cylinder"prosecution pattern,and there are dilemmas such as the application paradox of conditional non-prosecution and the ambiguity of internal relationships in discretionary non-prosecution.The causes lie in the weakness of dogmatic theory and the constraints of supporting environment.The system of discretionary non-prosecution should be reshaped from the three dimensions of ontology,relational theory,and system theory.Discretionary non-prosecution should get rid of the formal dependence on substantive law and introduce the concept of necessity for punishment.Conditional non-prosecution should cancel the limitation on the scope of subjects.The types and time limits required for restoring legal benefits should be taken as the basis for distinguishing two types of non-prosecution,and the concept of cooperative co-governance and multi-subject participation should be introduced to achieve environmental optimization and supervision constraints for discretionary non-prosecution.Therefore,the dilemma of discretionary non-prosecution can be resolved,which is of great significance for realizing the modernization of Chinese-style misdemeanor governance.

关 键 词：裁量不起诉 轻罪时代 程序出罪 起诉便宜主义 合作共治 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]