经济治理“过度反垄断”的法理反思  

Reflection on the Jurisprudence of"Excessive Anti-monopoly"in Economic Governance

作　　者：李希梁 LI Xi-liang

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2024年第3期144-160,共17页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：天津市2022年科技计划智库(软科学研究项目)“关于我市科技领域优化法治化营商环境的对策研究(22ZLZKZF00330)”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：反垄断法遵循着为自由而干预自由的法哲学基础,不单向保护竞争者的消极自由或者限制垄断者的积极自由,这从根本上划定了反垄断法的基本限度。“过度反垄断”是我国当前经济治理中出现的阶段性问题,是反垄断立法和执法活动不遵守反垄断法与其他法律或社会规范的外部界限,超出反垄断法的内部制度预设,最终导致政府过度干预市场经济的结果。其反映为立法层面的价值目标象征化、法益保护前置化、兜底条款扩张化、并购审查扩大化、平台条款广泛化、罚则配置严厉化,以及执法层面竞争效果评估的形式化。“过度反垄断”将改变政府权力与市场自由的结构,阻碍创新和经济增长,导致反垄断法与其他规范体系的龃龉。防止经济治理“过度反垄断”,必须确立反垄断法参与经济治理最小化的整体理念,通过比例原则对反垄断法益予以实质性限缩,实现外部法律体系对反垄断法的约束,同时从内部实体制度层面强化市场力量标准与竞争效果分析。Antitrust law follows the philosophical foundation of interfering with freedom for freedom's sake,not protecting the negative freedom of competitors or restricting the positive freedom of monopolists in one direction,which fundamentally delineates the basic limits of antitrust law.The"Excessive antitrust law"is a staged problem in China's current economic governance,which is the result of anti-monopoly legislation and law enforcement activities not complying with the external boundaries of the anti-monopoly law and other laws or social norms,exceeding the internal system presuppositions of the anti-monopoly law,and ultimately leading to excessive government intervention in the market economy.It is reflected in the symbolization of value objectives at the legislative level,the pre-emptive protection of legal interests,the expansion of catch-all clauses,the expansion of M&A review,the extensiveness of platform clauses,the strictness of penalty allocation,and the formalization of competition effect assessment at the law enforcement level.The"excessive antitrust law"will change the structure of government power and market freedom,hinder innovation and economic growth,and lead to the disagreement between antitrust law and other normative systems.To prevent"excessive antitrust law"in economic governance,it is necessary to establish the overall concept of minimizing the participation of antitrust law in economic governance,to substantially limit the legal benefits of antitrust through the principle of proportionality,and to strengthen the market power standard and competition effect analysis from the internal entity system.

关 键 词：过度反垄断 经济治理 反垄断最小化 比例原则 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]