海洋遗传资源治理的知识产权平衡  

Balance on Governance of Marine Genetic Resources and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

作　　者：吕琪 LV Qi

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学法学院

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2024年第2期58-73,共16页Wuhan University International Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大专项(17VHQ006)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：知识产权是海洋遗传资源利用活动的伴生权利,由于技术和资金的差距,现有的与海洋遗传资源相关的知识产权呈现出显著的垄断趋势,由此可能引发严重的利益失衡。在制度层面上,知识产权的独占性和排他性潜在地限制海洋遗传资源的获取,排斥惠益分享尤其是货币性惠益的分享,阻碍技术转让。对此,通过将知识产权惠益纳入海洋遗传资源惠益分享,以来源披露辅助海洋遗传资源利用监测,同时拓展知识性惠益的传播路径,可以在一定程度上缓和知识产权保护与海洋遗传资源治理目标之间的紧张关系。海洋遗传资源治理中的知识产权失衡归根结底是知识产权制度内部的问题,与海洋遗传资源相关的国际文书如BBNJ协定并未对知识产权问题作出直接的规定。因此,世界知识产权组织有关知识产权制度框架下保护遗传资源的国际进程,是未来进一步讨论海洋遗传资源与知识产权相关问题的重要参考。Intellectual property rights are arising from the utilization of ma-rine genetic resources.Due to technical and financial gaps among countries,there is a trend of monopoly on intellectual property rights in relation to genetic resourc-es,probably causing severe imbalance on distribution of interests.The monopolistic and exclusive nature of intellectual property rights could pose restrictions on access to marine genetic resources,and resistance on benefit-sharing especially on mone-tary benefit-sharing,and impediment on transfer of technology.Therefore,it is nec-essary to ease the tension between governance on marine genetic resources and pro-tection of intellectual property rights,by including intellectual property interests in-to benefit-sharing mechanism,requiring disclosure of origin to improve transparen-cy,and expanding the dissemination of public knowledge.All in all,the imbalance is caused by the inadequacy of intellectual property regimes,so international instru-ments on genetic resources including BBNJ Agreement avoided direct regulation on intellectual property rights.So,current negotiation under World Intellectual Property Organization to finalize an agreement on an international legal instrument(s)could provide important reference to future discussion on marine genetic resources and in-tellectual property rights.

关 键 词：海洋遗传资源 遗传资源专利 BBNJ协定 惠益分享 来源披露 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]